Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from photocopiers was investigated to assess the potential health impacts on inhalation exposure to VOCs. VOCs samples were collected during working hours using SKC VOCs 575 series passive sample. Twenty-one quantified VOCs were measured and analyzed by GC-MS/MS. The results showed that the total VOCs concentration emitted in the photocopy centers A and B were 2.29×104 and 2.32×104 µg/m3, respectively. The highest detected chemical was trans-1,2-Dichloroethene at about 2.18×104 (photocopy center A) and 2.15×104 µg/m3 (photocopy center B (The results reveal that the non-carcinogenic risk for inhalation exposure to m-Xylene, p-Xylene, and trans-1,2-Dichloroethene were in the range 0.94-1.53 and 1.19-1.79 and 51.54-52.23, respectively, resulting in the hazard index (HI) of non-carcinogenic VOCs in total being greater than 1.0. This indicated that the cumulative effects of inhalation exposure to VOCs at low concentrations should be of concern, even though it does not exceed the occupational exposure limits and Threshold Limit Values-Time Weighted Average for the mixtures (TLV-TWAmix). Plants display a greener solution to reduce indoor air pollution. The bio-concentration levels of total VOCs in Epipremnum aureum were noted as 74.71 to 174.42, signifying that E. aureum is effective for removal of VOCs naturally and sustainably.

Environmental contaminations with pesticides are considered as one of the major environmental pathways of human exposure leading to a potential threat to human health, especially if there is an accumulation in the trophic levels. This study purposed to investigate the level of pesticide residues and the potential health risk associated with vegetables, surface water, and sediment obtained from the river basin area. The concentrations of 87 pesticides from four main groups namely; organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were verified by triple quadrupole GC-MS/MS. The concentration of Parathion methyl, Methidathion, Bromophos methyl, Chlorfenvinphos, Triazophos, Azinphos ethyl, and D-trans-Phenothrin in the sediment samples ranged from 12.99-19.95 μg kg-1. The surface water sample mainly contains p, p'-DDT <0.012 μg L-1 followed by Endrin and Dieldrin <0.08 μg L-1, and Aldrin, Alpha-BHC, Heptachlor <0.004 μg L-1, respectively. The PTI was detected at 0.4 in the sum of surface water samples. The detectable pesticide residues were found in 95% of 20 vegetable samples. The positive of screening vegetables were most obviously contaminated with organophosphate (95%) followed by pyrethroid (40%), organochlorine (20%) and POPs (5%), respectively. The highest concentration of 0.04 mg kg-1 was recorded for Dicrotophos in Kitchen mint (Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen). Fenpropathrin recorded the lowest concentration of 3.2x10-3 mg kg-1 in corn (Zea mays L.). The highest PTI (31.20) was found in corn. The combined risk index of pesticide residues showed significant health risk to humans more than individual risk index. The health risk indices show that the detected pesticides considered a serious public health problem in the studied area, and there is a need to increment their monitoring to reduce their misuse.

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