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AbstractThis paper explores the application of LCC (Life Cycle Costing) concepts in the oil and gas industry. The paper details research into the development of a LCC model for using in SAP (System, Application and Products in Data Processing). Information held in the existing system in the oil and gas industry has been investigated in order to determine whether or not it is adequate to support LCC application for assets. The conceptual framework will develop the LCC technique as a tool to carry out costing analysis for new and existing systems. It will ensure that existing systems data are optimized for use in LCC applications and will investigate the feasibility of integrating the LCC model with existing systems. Based on this conceptual framework a LCC model will be developed.The proposed system model provides a structural breakdown of cost (SBC) that can be applied to any asset at any level, such as super system, system, sub-system and equipment level in its lifecycle. The purpose of this SBC is to act as an aide memoir, as the starting point for developing a project/asset specific SBC that is tailored to the needs of a particular LCC requirement. The overview of SBC is provided to identify the data requirement for estimated cost element and provides a definition for cost element.Consequently, if SAP-LCC is used for analysis at every, it is possible to identify the level that is the most significant in order to develop or reduce the cost in LCC at that level.
In Thailand, the trends of new constructing high-rise buildings higher than 200-300 meters are increasing rapidly. The present design for evacuation follows the prescriptive code that is the same for all buildings higher than 23 meters. This code is concerned about the building types and the number and density of building occupants. This paper studies the evacuation time of a high-rise building in Thailand. A case study of high-rise residential building is employed using simulation techniques. The findings from this paper can be applied in both existing and new buildings. The simulation techniques used in this paper are applicable to Thailand and elsewhere.
This paper explores the existing literature on Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) tools and applications, including the real-time monitoring system to achieve an optimal IEQ. The accurate, easy-to-use, and inexpensive equipment is a major obstacle to IEQ performance evaluation. With the rapid development of wireless monitoring equipment in recent years, measuring various building parameters has become a less labor-intensive process. While sensors and logging device manufacturers have made products that are increasingly accurate and easy-to-use, making new devices for measuring IEQ is still largely in the hands of researchers. IEQ measurement requires a combination of devices and individual sensors to capture the state of IEQ in a space. This paper presents a review of the recent development on IEQ evaluation methods and tools, proposes a new approach of Smart IEQ online monitoring mobile unit on small, low-cost, and desk-based monitors with sensors for thermal comfort (air and radiant temperatures, air speed, and humidity), acoustics (SPL), lighting (Lux), and air quality (CO2, CO, TVOC, Formaldehyde, and PM10). The measurements are relayed wirelessly to a server within the building that transmits data through the wireless network which can in real-time be presented to an online IEQ dashboard in a control room or to a mobile phone by an application program.
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