Periodic breathing and short apnoeas are common in infants, particularly those born preterm, but are thought to be benign. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence and impact of periodic breathing and apnoea on heart rate, oxygen saturation and brain tissue oxygenation index (TOI) in infants born at term and preterm over the first 6 months after term equivalent age. Nineteen term-born infants (38-42 weeks gestational age) and 24 preterm infants (born at 27-36 weeks gestational age) were studied at 2-4 weeks, 2-3 months and 5-6 months post-term-corrected age during sleep. Periodic breathing episodes were defined as three or more sequential apnoeas each lasting ≥3 s and apnoeas as ≥3 s in duration. The mean duration of periodic breathing episodes was longer in term infants than in preterm infants at 2-4 weeks (P < 0.05) and at 5-6 months (P < 0.05); however, the nadir in TOI was significantly less in the term infants at 2-3 months (P < 0.001). Apnoea duration was not different between groups; however, the decline in apnoea index with postnatal age observed in the term infants was not seen in the preterm infants. Falls in TOI associated with apnoeas were greater in the preterm infants at all three ages studied. In conclusion, periodic breathing and short apnoeas were more common in infants born preterm and falls in cerebral oxygenation were greater than in the term group. The clinical significance of this on neurodevelopmental outcome is unknown and warrants further investigations.
that revealed marked dilatation of the caecum and ascending colon, with intestinal pneumatosis and patent mesenteric vessels. The colonoscopy showed normal mucosa with atonic right colon. A colon decompression tube was inserted. Unfortunately, his clinical conditions progressively worsened and the patient deceased after 2 days. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are multiform, and patients with abdominal symptoms should be thoroughly evaluated with bowel sonography, followed by CT scan and colonoscopy if necessary, because the abdominal examination often underestimates the severity of the eventual underlying disease. Moreover, when COVID-19 patients need abdominal surgery, we encourage surgeons to investigate the intestinal blood flow intraoperatively (i.e. using fluorescence imaging), to look for intestinal vascular damage in surgical specimens and to perform microbiota and peritoneal fluid analysis whenever possible, to gain new significant data.
Objective: Considerable variation in the care of extremely low gestational age infants (ELGAN) contributes to the variation in incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We compared management and outcomes of two neonatal centres with different respiratory support strategies.Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of infants <28 weeks gestational age treated at two units in Australia and the UK between 2015 to 2017.Result: Of 492 infants, the overall incidence of BPD for extremely preterm infants was 62.20% and was similar across both sites (64.84% at Monash vs. 60.65% at Oxford). Independent predictors for the development of BPD or mortality included the days on mechanical ventilation (MV, adjusted OR 1.13, 95%Cl 1.07-1.19) and use of inhaled nitric oxide (adjusted OR 13.42,.
Conclusion:Primary choice of non-invasive respiratory support had no significant impact on BPD development. Duration of MV and using nitric oxide were independent predictors for death or BPD.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.