Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is common clinical presentation in India, but, nowadays, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is also a clinical problem. At present, no single test is available for diagnosing EPTB which is rapid, cost-effective, and confirmatory. Many studies were done to diagnose and treat the pulmonary TB, though more efforts are needed for diagnosis of EPTB.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to find out any test or a series of tests that reduce the diagnostic dilemma of cervical lymph node TB.
Materials and Methods: A total of 170 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were enrolled in the pathology department between July 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. It was a descriptive study and of cross-sectional design. The Institutional Ethics Committee approval was received (No. BSMC/IEC/101 dt. January 15, 2021). Suspected malignancy cases were excluded from the study. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was done for all these patients and stained with Leishman-Geimsa, Papaniculaou, and Zeihl-Neelsen (ZN) stain. After FNA, all samples were sent for cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test.
Results: After FNA cytology, ZN stain was done and only 9.2% of acid–fast bacilli (AFB) positive cases were found. Granuloma was found in 27.6% of cases. After nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) study, it was found that 36.8% patients were positive. Total number of lymph node considered to be positive for TB (NAAT positive and/or ZN stain positive and/or presence of granuloma) is 85 (52.1%). As per conventional method for diagnosis of lymph node TB (presence of granuloma and/or AFB positive in ZN stain), number of cases were 50 (30.7%). NAAT test was significantly more positive in respect of ZN staining but not significantly positive in respect of presence of granuloma.
Conclusion: For diagnosis of cervical lymph node TB, all three methods (NAAT, ZN stain, and Leishman-Giemsa stain) should be used simultaneously.
Introduction: Thalassemia is a form of inherited autosomal recessive blood disorders characterized by abnormal formation of hemoglobin. These patientsneed blood transfusion on regular basis to maintain the hemoglobin level in the body.The frequent transfusions received by thalassemia major patients, expose them to the risk of contracting infectious diseases, and development of complication such as iron overload and alloimmunization. The production of antibodies against such alloimmunization induces further hemolysis.Subject and methodology: The main objective of the study was to find out clinically significant antibodies in multi-transfused thalassemiamajor patients to prevent hemolysis and to reduce frequency of blood transfusion there by reducing morbidity and mortality. A prospective and observational study comprising of total 205 thalassemic patients were included in the study (females 99 and males 106) in the age ranging from3to 43 years who had received more than 10 units of blood within one year. Majority of them were β thalassemia major followed by Eβ and sickle cell disease.Apart from ABO and Rh grouping and issuing of blood by proper crossmatching the alloantibodies were detected by using 3 cell and 11 cell panel by gel technique.Alloantibodies against Rh phenotypes were more than 90%.Discussion and conclusion:Findingof unexpected antibodies must be a part of all pretransfusion testing procedure which will help to accomplish more effective and uneventful blood transfusionof multi-transfused thalassemia patient. Production of alloantibodiesinmulti-transfused thalassemia patients can be prevented by screening for minor blood groups from beginning in addition to ABO and Rh grouping.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 230-234
Background: Hemoglobinopathies are the major cause of anemia throughout the world complicating pregnancy outcome. Hence, detection of hemoglobinopathies in antenatal period is of critical importance as it not only predict the possibility of birth of a child with thalassemia but also reduces the complications associated with anemia in pregnancy. Hence, identification of a reliable cost-effective screening method for detection of hemoglobinopathies is of utmost importance.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of red blood cell (RBC) parameters including hemoglobin (Hb%), RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in detection of thalassemia carriers among healthy antenatal mothers in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India.
Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from total 1458 antenatal mothers aged 18 years or above with <17 weeks of gestation and were analyzed for complete blood count, serum ferritin level, and high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of abnormal Hb. Patients with iron deficiency anemia as diagnosed by serum ferritin <15 ng/ml were excluded from this study.
Results: The prevalence of hemoglobinopathy was found to be 12.55% with ß-thalassemia trait (BTT) being the most common type (7.9%). All the RBC parameters were significantly lower among the BTT group compared to individuals with normal or other hemoglobinopathies (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: RBC parameters such as Hb, RBC, MCV, and MCH can be used as cost-effective yet very effective screening method to identify different hemoglobinopathies among antenatal mothers.
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