Objectives: To look for possible data regarding the effects of melatonin on noradrenaline mediated behavioral responses after Electroconvulsive Shock (ECS) administration in rats. Methods: Forty rats were divided in four groups with ten rats in each group and treatment duration was kept for ten days in all the groups. 1. Control group- distilled water (2ml daily). 2. ECS pretreated group- Single ECS daily. 3. Melatonin group- melatonin suspension (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) daily. 4. Test group- Single ECS daily + melatonin suspension one hour after ECS (10mg/kg/day, p.o). Clonidine induced sedation was used as a model to assess noradrenaline mediated behavioral changes. Clonidine induced sedation score was assessed 30 min after giving intraperitoneal injection of clonidine hydrochloride (100 μg/kg) in each group on day 11.Data was analysed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Findings show that administration of single ECS daily for consecutive 10 days results in enhancement of clonidine induced sedation. Melatonin administration decreases clonidine induced sedation which may be due to modulation at noradrenergic neurotransmission. Also, melatonin significantly retarded the ECS-induced enhancement of clonidine induced sedation. Conclusion: ECS administration leads to enhancement in clonidine induced sedation. Melatonin administration could prevent enhancement in clonidine induced sedation which may be due to modulation at the level of noradrenergic transmission. This modulation in noradrenergic transmission might be of some value in attenuation of disruption of memory following ECS administration. As ECT in humans is known to produce memory disruption, a possible potential therapeutic utility of melatonin to prevent memory disruption in such patient is worth considering.
Background: Ultrasound continues to grow in popularity as a method of nerve localization and it has the advantage of allowing real time visualization of the plexus , pleura and vessels along with the needle and local anaesthetic spread. [4] So this study intends to compare efficacy and safety of Inj.clonidine and Inj.Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to local anaesthetic for USG guided subclavian perivascular and axillary block in upper limb surgeries. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study as a prospective randomized study. A total of 70 adult patients were randomly selected who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were divided into groups and study was conducted. Results: In this study, we measured the results of each drug by its action on onset and peak of sensory and motor blockade and duration of blockade. Conclusion: From our study we conclude that both Clonidine and Dexmeditomidine with local anaesthetics promote satisfactory anaesthesia for upper limb surgeries. Onset and duration sensory blockade of clonidine group is faster and duration of sensory blockade is more than dexmeditomidine group as adjuvant to local anaesthetics in USG guided subclavian pervascular block plus axillary block. www.iosrjournals.org 126 | PageRegional nerve block of the brachial plexus provides ideal operating conditions for the surgeon because it provides complete relaxation of the muscles of the upper extremity thus simplifying closed reduction of fractures and dislocations or the approximation of severed tendons, sympathetic block of the blood vessels which lessens post-operative vasospasm pain and oedema. Ultrasound continues to grow in popularity as a method of nerve localization and it has the advantage of allowing real time visualization of the plexus , pleura and vessels along with the needle and local anaesthetic spread. [4] So this study intends to compare efficacy and safety of Inj.clonidine and Inj.Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to local anaesthetic for USG guided subclavian perivascular and axillary block in upper limb surgeries.
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