Background: In this study authors retrospectively analyzed the record of 102 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection to determine factors associated with severity of disease.  Methods: Clinical, biochemical, radiological and hematological profiles of 102 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing were obtained and analyzed.  Results: A total of 102 patients were enrolled, with median age of patients of 32.5 years (range 10-85 years), of which 83.3% (85/102) were asymptomatic and 16.67% (17/102) symptomatic. Eighteen (17.6%) patients had co-existing illnesses. Clinical spectrum among COVID-19 patients varied from being asymptomatic to having symptoms like fever, dry cough, breathlessness with few progressing to respiratory failure and multi-organ failure. In our study, 97.05% (99/102) recovered while 2.94% (3/102) died. Mean age, total leucocyte count (TLC), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of severely ill patients were significantly higher than those of patients with non-severe illness.Conclusions: Elevated NLR, TLC, PLR, LDH and lymphopenia were seen in the symptomatic patients especially manifesting severe disease. Early intervention and periodic monitoring of these parameters in patients, especially with severe disease may help in improving disease outcome.

Background/Aim: The recent pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is yet another scourge from the coronaviridae family that causes illnesses ranging from common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). The numbers are still on the rise, despite a country wide lockdown and yet no definitive drugs and or/vaccines are available to manage the active COVID-19 cases. Methods: The present research design was a hospital based observational descriptive study conducted at S. M. S. Medical College and Attached hospitals, Jaipur, that analysed data of all the patients with COVID-19 related mortality, admitted between 1 April to 4 May 2020. Patients included in this study were RT-PCR confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 using nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples. Results: The mean age of patients with COVID-19 related mortality was 53.41 ± 18.42 year with majority of patients belonging to age group of more than 60 years (41.18 %) followed closely by COVID-19 positive patients in age range of 45 to 60 years (33.33 %). The male to female ratio was 1.68: 1. Mean time lag between hospitalization and death reported was 6.18 days. Majority of the patients admitted (72.5 %) succumbed within 3 days of hospitalization. Eleven patients (21 %) were brought dead to the hospital who were tested COVID-19 positive after death. Most common comorbidity reported in patients with COVID-19 related mortality was hypertension (30 %) followed by diabetes mellitus (27.5 %). Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus might be independent risk factors making an individual susceptible to COVID-19 related death. Elderly patients also have a greater risk of mortality. The non-availability of definitive management protocol and/or vaccine against COVID-19 makes public health preventive measures of social distancing, use of masks and frequent handwashing an important modality in the fight against COVID-19.

CONTEXT: The outbreak and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to a global exigency of colossal and monstrous proportions in terms of public health and economic crisis. Till date, no pharmaceutical agent is known to manage in terms of prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by a novel virus. AIMS: The aim of the present work was to understand the underlying disease profile and dynamics that could provide relevant inputs and insight into pathophysiology and prevent further spread and evolve management strategies of COVID-19 patients from data-driven techniques. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective observational descriptive study was conducted on 29 COVID-19 patients admitted at a premier medical institution of North India in the months of February and March 2020. METHODS: The patients were diagnosed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. RESULTS: The mean age of population was 38.8 years with male preponderance, of which two patients were residents of Italy, and others hailed from semi-arid and Western sandy arid regions of Rajasthan (urban population). The major presenting symptom complex of said COVID-19 sample population included fever (48%), cough (31%), and shortness of breath (17%). Most of the patients (83%) had no comorbidity. No clinical correlation (r) could be appreciated between the duration of test positivity and age of afflicted COVID-19 patients (r = −0.0976). CONCLUSIONS: The present evaluation of various facets of the ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19 is an attempt to portray early clinical and epidemiological parameters of the menace of COVID-19 patients admitted at SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur.

We analyzed the data of 102 confirmed patients with novel Coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) during the early period of nationwide lockdown announced in India after the declaration of pandemic. We analyzed epidemiological, clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalization in 102 patients with positive results for novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA testing which were traced on the basis of history of travel, contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case, resident of hotspot areas or presence of symptoms, thus providing an accurate estimate of the proportion of asymptomatic cases in the initial population. Of 102 patients enrolled in the study, 83.3% (85/102) were asymptomatic and 16.67% (17/102) were symptomatic. Seventy-seven (75.49%) were males and 24.50% (25/102) were females. Eighteen (17.6%) patients had associated comorbidities, the most prevalent of which were diabetes mellitus 10.8% (11/102), hypertension 7.8% (8/102), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 3.92% (4/102), chronic kidney Disease (CKD) 0.98% (1/102), coronary artery Disease (CAD) 0.98% (1/102) and cerebro-vascular disease (CVD) 0.98% (1/102). The clinical spectrum among symptomatic COVID-19 patients varied from dry cough and fever to respiratory failure and multi-organ failure. Twelve (11.76%) patients were kept in intensive care unit (ICU). Ninety-nine (97.05%) patients recovered while three (2.94%) died during hospital stay. With majority of COVID-19 cases in India being asymptomatic, changes in biochemical and inflammatory profile were small and insignificant in asymptomatic patients when compared to symptomatic patients. Elevated NLR, lymphopenia, age and presence of comorbidities were associated with increased severity and poor outcome.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a distinct hepatic condition that is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to assess the magnitude of NAFLD and its concomitant risk factors among patients with T2DM.Methods: In a hospital based observational descriptive study, 150 patients with T2DM were submitted to a complete clinical and laboratory evaluation; abdominal ultrasonography for NAFLD detection and grading. Patients with known chronic liver disease and history of alcohol intake were excluded. They were divided into fatty and non-fatty liver group: evaluated, compared and statistical analysis done.Results: Out of 150 patients with T2DM, 104 (69.33%) had fatty liver on USG. 42.67% had grade 1, 24% had grade 2, and the remaining 2.67% had grade 3 fatty changes in liver. The severity of NAFLD increased with increasing age (r-value = +0.554, p<0.001). Statistically significant difference in Body Mass Index (29.64±4.36 v/s 25.94±3.25 kg/m2, p<0.001) and triglycerides (175.47±24.82 v/s 128.53±26.66 mg/dl, p<0.001) was observed in the fatty liver group as compared to non-fatty liver group.Conclusions: The magnitude of NAFLD is higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Older age group, Body Mass Index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) had significant relationship with the presence of fatty liver. Ultrasonographic evidence of fatty liver with older age, elevation of triglyceride level and increasing BMI should be taken seriously as a predictor of severity of NAFLD.