Diesel engines are the main power source for the automobiles but emission norms are strict for any engine. Among the main pollutants PM, NO x , CO, HC, SO x , aldehydes most harmful pollutants of diesel engine are NOx and PM. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is effective for the reduction of NOx emission from engines but also reduces efficiency. This happens due to accumulation of burnt gases in combustion chamber. Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) are designed to reduce the mass emissions of diesel particulate matter and have proven to be effective in this aspect. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of EGR on the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics. The work carried out on the four stroke four cylinder Diesel engine. Experimentation involves the addition of oxygenated fuel Di-Ethyl Ether with the Diesel fuel. The results showed the increase in brake thermal efficiency and decrease in specific fuel consumption with increase in EGR valve opening due to the supply of extra oxygen molecule by the additive. Further, a significant reduction in the emissions of PM, NO x , HC, CO was observed with the application of DPF into the exhaust of engine.
Construction industry has accomplished extensive growth worldwide particularly in few decades. For any project to be successful, safety of the structures as well as that of the personnel is of utmost importance. The safety issues are to be considered right from the design stage till the completion and handing over of the structure to the belongs. This work includes many hazardous task and conditions such as working at height, excavation, noise, dust, power tools and equipment. The most common hazardous are caused by the fatal four: falls, being struck by an object, electrocutions, and being caught in between two objects. A proper coordination between contractors, clients, and workforce is needed for safe work conditions which are very much lacking in Indian construction companies. Management commitment towards health and safety of the workers is also lagging in following the policy and procedure in the safety as per the OSHA . A detailed literature study was carried out to understand the causes of accidents, preventive measures and development of safe work environment. This paper presents the results of on-site accident occurred and ranked according to their compensation to their respective injuries. And also develop a system model for the on-site accidents occurred in the site, suggested some remedial measure to the site to improve the safety issue occurred in the construction site.
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