Background Earlier serosurveys in India revealed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 0.73% during May-June and 7.1% during August-September 2020. We conducted the third serosurvey during Dec 2020 and Jan 2021, to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in India. Methods We conducted the serosurvey in the same 70 districts selected for the first and second serosurveys. From each district, we enrolled at least 400 individuals aged ≥ 10 years from general population and 100 HCWs from sub-district level health facilities. Sera from general population were tested for presence of IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) and spike protein (S1-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, whereas sera from HCWs were tested for anti-S1-RBD. We estimated weighted seroprevalence adjusted for assay characteristics. Results Of the 28,598 sera from general population, 4585 (16%) had IgG antibodies against N, 6647 (23.2%) against S1-RBD and 7436 (26%) against either. The weighted and assay characteristic adjusted seroprevalence against either of the antibodies was 24.1 (95%CI: 23.0%-25.3%). Among 7385 HCWs, the seroprevalence of anti-S1-RBD IgG antibodies was 25.6% (95% CI: 23.5%-27.8%). Conclusions Nearly one in four individuals aged > = 10 years from general population as well as HCWs in India were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by December 2020.

This study is a unique report of the utilization of Trichoderma strains collected from even tree barks for rice plant growth, its health management, and paddy straw degradation. Seven different spp. of Trichoderma were characterized according to morphological and molecular tools. Two of the isolated strains, namely Trichoderma hebeiensis and Trichoderma erinaceum, outperformed the other strains. Both of the strains controlled four important rice pathogens, i.e., Rhizoctonia solani (100%), Sclerotium oryzae (84.17%), Sclerotium rolfsii (66.67%), and Sclerotium delphinii (76.25%). Seed bio-priming with respective Trichoderma strains reduced the mean germination time, enhanced the seedling vigor and total chlorophyll content which could be related to the higher yield observed in two rice varieties; Annapurna and Satabdi. All the seven strains accelerated the decomposition of rice straw by producing higher straw degrading enzymes like total cellulase (0.97–2.59 IU/mL), endoglucanase (0.53–0.75 IU/mL), xylanase (145.35–201.35 nkat/mL), and laccase (2.48–12.60 IU/mL). They also produced higher quantities of indole acetic acid (19.19–46.28 μg/mL), soluble phosphate (297.49–435.42 μg/mL), and prussic acid (0.01–0.37 μg/mL) which are responsible for plant growth promotion and the inhibition of rice pathogen populations. Higher expression of defense enzymes like catalase (≥250% both in shoot and root), peroxidase (≥150% in root and ≥100% in shoot), superoxide dismutase (≥ 150% in root and ≥100% in shoot), polyphenol oxidase (≥160% in shoot and ≥120% in shoot), and total phenolics (≥200% in root and ≥250% in shoot) as compared to the control indicates stress tolerance ability to rice crop. The expression of the aforementioned enzymes were confirmed by the expression of corresponding defense genes like PAL (>3-fold), DEFENSIN (>1-fold), POX (>1.5-fold), LOX (>1-fold), and PR-3 (>2-fold) as compared to the non-treated control plants. This investigation demonstrates that Trichoderma strains obtained from tree bark could be considered to be utilized for the sustainable health management of rice crop.

The cornerstone of pediatric dental practice is successfully rehabilitating a preschooler with advanced carious lesions at esthetic level. Compromises such as decreased masticatory efficiency, impaired esthetics, and mispronunciation of labiodental sounds and development of atypical oral habits can occur due to the early loss of primary anterior teeth owing to trauma or caries. Parental desire is the most important element in deciding whether to place an anterior esthetic appliance to replace missing teeth. This case report details the fabrication of Groper's appliance for a 4 ½-year-old child diagnosed with rampant caries. KEYWORDS- Esthetic rehabilitation, Groper’s appliance, Primary teeth, Space loss

The study was conducted to know the performance of new insecticide molecules for management of invasive pest fall armyworm,

Aluminium LM13 is most popularly used in automotive application due to its good mechanical and tribological properties. The reinforcement hematite (hard ceramic material) is a rich iron ore mineral. In this present work is to study the wear performance of the contrived Aluminium LM13-Hematite particulate composite manufactured by liquid metallurgy technique. The Hematite particles having grain size 100-150 μm spread for the range of 3wt.%, 6wt.%, 9wt.% & 12wt.% in Steps of 3wt.% were fused in to Aluminium LM13 matrix. The Aluminium LM13-Hematite composite has been subjected to solutionazing temperature at 530° 2° for 2 hours followed by water quenching and ageing treatment for 6 hours at 175° 2° . Microstructural studies were carried out for both as-cast and heat treated specimen in order to verify the nature of the arrangement. The Sand abrasive wear tests have been conducted to influence on Reinforcement and consequences of load for both as-cast and heat treat specimen. The weight percentage of reinforcement increases abrasive wear rate (Weight loss in mg) decreases in heat treated sample compare to as-cast sample. The load is increased wear rate decreases for heat treated sampling compare to as-cast sample.