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EBUS-TIPNA can be done as a safe and successful procedure and adds to the armamentarium of Convex Probe-EBUS (CP-EBUS), in carefully selected patients.

Introduction: To evaluate and compare the amount of time required by three rotary NiTi instruments in removing gutta-percha from root canal during retreatment with hand file as control. Materials and Methods:Eighty human mandibular premolars with single straight root canals were prepared and obturated by cold lateral condensation with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. After two weeks, the 80 teeth were divided into one control group and 3 retreatment groups (n = 20 each). Gutta-percha was removed using H-files, the D-RaCe, or the Mtwo or the R-Endo retreatment systems. Retreatment time was calculated using stopwatch.Results: D-RaCe and Mtwo required significantly less time than R-Endo and hand file. Hand file took maximum time, which was significantly slower than all groups. However, D-RaCe and Mtwo retreatment time was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: D-RaCe and Mtwo remove gutta-percha faster than R-Endo and Hand files.

Acalvaria is described as a rare congenital malformation in a 1-month-old female baby who presented with classical clinical features of soft, lax skull as a result of absent skull bones and associated muscles. Acalvaria is usually a fatal anomaly and is rarely discussed in English literature. Thus, we herein report a living case of acalvaria along with a review of the literature.

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Aim:The purpose of this study is to achieve an effective method to remove root canal filling material from the root canal system. The study, thus, aims to evaluate the efficacy of the cleaning ability of two different rotary Ni-Ti systems; ProTaper Retreatment files and RaCe System compared to hand instrumentation with Hedstrom files for the removal of gutta-percha during retreatment.Materials and Methods:Thirty mandibular premolars with one single straight canal were decoronated and instrumented with ProTaper files and filled with thermoplastic gutta-percha. After 30 days, the samples were divided into three groups and gutta-percha was removed with the test instruments. The postoperative radiographs were evaluated with known criteria by dividing the root into cervical third, middle third, and apical third. The results were tabulated and Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (IBM Corporation) was used for analysis.Results:The mean deviation of the results were first calculated and then t-test and analysis of variance test (two-tailed P value) were evaluated for establishing significant differences. The rotary instruments were effective in removing the gutta-percha from the canals. Therefore, significant difference was observed between the efficacies of the two rotary systems used. The rotary instruments showed effective gutta-percha removal in the cervical and middle one third. (P > 0.05). However, apical debridement was effective with Hedstrom files.Conclusion:The study concluded the use of both rotary and hand instrumentation for effective removal of gutta-percha for retreatment.

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Artery of Percheron (AOP) is a unique anatomical variant of blood supply to the paramedian thalamus and also to the rostral part of the midbrain. It arises from the P1 part of the posterior cerebral artery. Obstruction of this artery accounts for the infarction of the bilateral thalamus with or without the involvement of the midbrain. Symptoms of artery of Percheron infarction may differ with respect to the portion of the brain it supplies and its different anatomical variations. The various symptoms include memory loss, altered consciousness, vertical gaze palsy, and others. Diagnosis is difficult due to a variety of clinical presentations and differential diagnoses like viral infections or tumors. Artery of Percheron infarction rarely occurs, and early diagnosis is a challenge as it is often missed on a conventional CT scan and even on an MRI scan of the brain. Delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment must be avoided in such cases. We report a case of this 57-year-old male who had vertical gaze palsy and irrelevant talks, which was evaluated further and found to be the artery of Percheron infarct on MRI brain and treated with antiplatelets after which the symptoms of the patient ameliorated, and he was discharged after five days of admission.