Background: The problem of neonatal sepsis is enormous in India and many hospital-based studies have revealed an incidence of 30/1000 live births. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of thrombocytopenia in culture-positive neonatal sepsis and to observe the outcome of these neonates. Methods: It was a retrospective observational study which was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a Rural Medical College between September 2018 and December 2018. We have analyzed the records of all the neonates who were admitted at the hospital during this period. We have only included the cases who were culture positive for sepsis and were below 28 days of age. Data were analyzed statistically and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: About 54 neonates who had culture-positive sepsis and thrombocytopenia treated in NICU. Of 54 culture-positive neonates, the most common isolated microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (21, 38.88%) followed by Pseudomonas (15, 27.77%), Staphylococcus (9, 16.66%), and Escherichia coli (9, 16.66%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 49/54 (90.74%) cases. As per severity grading, severe thrombocytopenia was found in 21 (42.86%) neonates, moderate in 17 (34.69%), and mild in 11 (22.45%). The mortality rate among newborns with sepsis was 32.65%. The average period for platelets to rise >100,000/mm3 was 5.0 days (interquartile range 4.0–7.0). Conclusion: Severe thrombocytopenia was commonly associated with neonatal sepsis. Antibiotics covering these groups of bacteria can be started empirically after collecting the required investigations.
Introduction: PEM is one of the commonest manifestations of HIV in India. Malnutrition has a major impact on the outcome of HIV as it not only increases mortality but also results in an impaired response to ART. Nutritional status of children in HIV may affect the outcome of patients taking ART, hence this study was planned. In India there are very less studies to compare various anthropometrical measurements in children on ART and without ART. In this study nutrition of children on ART was compared with those without ART. Methods: All children who were confirmed HIV seropositive were included in this study. Nutritional assessment was done as per WHO classification and categorize as normal, stunting, wasting and under nutrition. Data was obtained and difference in proportion of wasting, stunting and underweight between ART and pre-ART group were analyzed by using SPSS software. It was Prospective case-control study. 1) Total 600 children below 12 years were registered in ART centre, out of which 125 pre-ART and 125 children on ART which came for follow up in ART OPD were enrolled in the study. Results: Underweight was most common type of malnutrition in both group, prevalence of underweight and wasting were more common in ART group as compared to pre-ART group. No difference in prevalence of stunting in both groups. Conclusion: There was statistically significant improvement in nutritional status (underweight and wasting) in ART group at the end of one year with no significant effect on stunting.
The battered baby syndrome is a condition in which a child is seriously physically abused by thecaregiver or parents. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 40 million children aresubjected to abuse and neglect around the world. Most of the industrialized countries have theirreporting and surveillance system and data on child battery but in developing countries includingIndia, there is a lack of data regarding the extent of child battering that takes place within thehouseholds or institutions. India published a report on one of the largest surveys done on childabuse and found that two out of every three children were physically abused and 88.6% of themsuffered at the hands of their parents. Unfortunately, the methodology restricted the study to onlyolder children who could give a history of abuse. Therefore, the magnitude of the problem given onlyhighlights among children above the age of 5 years. [1]. we are reporting a case of an Infant withFebrile encephalopathy, detailed examination and investigation found out a case of chronic SubduralHygroma with classical neuroimaging features of Abusive trauma. We have done a multidisciplinaryapproach with a Neurosurgeon, a social worker who treated the child with burr hole surgery forsubdural hygroma & the child recovered with consciousness. This case is Special because a 5-monthMale infant was subjected to abuse due to a psychological problem in a Family Member, suspicionwas lacking as males are unlikely to undergo gender-biased in India and Early age of presentation.
Worldwide, rickets is the most common form of metabolic bone disease in children. Vitamin D deficiency is the main cause of rickets, though nutritional deficiency of calcium and phosphorous generates the same clinical picture.Many cases are due to poor vitamin D intake or calcium deficient diets and can be corrected by administration of calcium and vitamin D. However, some cases are refractory to vitamin D therapy and are related to renal defects. These include rickets of Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA), Hypophosphatemic rickets, and Vitamin D Dependent Rickets (VDDR). The latter is due to impaired action of 1α-hydroxylase in renal tubule. These varieties need proper diagnosis and specific treatment.Patient presented in our institution was bed ridden with renal rickets having very severe deformities. Many cases like this disease and its variants begin in childhood and awareness of the conditions may help to bring patients to treatment earlier& decrease the morbidity.
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