Stereodivergent catalytic asymmetric conjugate reactions of glycine (ket)imines with nitroalkenes have been achieved using various chiral catalyst systems derived from a multidentate amino alcohol (1). The stepwise nature of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of N-metalated azomethine ylides has also been demonstrated by highly enantio- and diastereoselective syntheses of exo-5 and endo-8 from the respective syn-4 and anti-7 conjugate addition products in a one-pot tandem fashion.

While involvement in CSR activities is common practice in today's sporting world, there is a need to go beyond the activities themselves to explore how fans' perceptions of CSR can affect customer-based brand equity and what role online-community and team identification can play in this relationship, which this study aims to explore. Data collected through an online survey of South Korean Samsung Lions baseball club fans (N=331), analysed through structural equation modelling, support the positive influence of perceived CSR on dual identification (team and online-community), and the impact of team identification on brand equity. Interestingly, CSR perception is shown to be an insignificant predictor of brand equity, influenced fully by team identification. This study suggests that promoting a sport team's socially responsible image is important in terms of building both team and online community identification while developing team identification can be vital in increasing the value of the sport brand.

Heterogeneous chiral catalysts have attracted considerable attention from a wide range of scientific disciplines because of their fundamental and practical importance.[1] Recent efforts have focused on the development of more efficient and practical immobilization methods for homogeneous chiral catalysts, [2] and notable success has been achieved by using covalent tethering strategies in asymmetric reactions. [3] Although different conformational preferences between homogeneous and heterogeneous systems are possible, successful orthogonal enantioselectivity using heterogeneous systems-that is, orthogonal to that observed with homogeneous systems-has not yet been achieved.[4] Herein we describe the first example of such selectivity. Our rationale was based on the premise that solid supports, such as zeolites and silicates, would immobilize homogeneous chiral metal complexes, which are generated from rigid multifunctional brucine-derived ligands 1, through electrostatic interactions. [5] This mode is believed to provide a facile mechanism for inducing conformational changes with immobilized chiral complexes.The asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes has received considerable attention because of the synthetic versatility of chiral indole derivatives in the preparation of biologically active indole alkaloids.[6] Several asymmetric catalyst systems, including organocatalysts [7] and chiral metal complexes, [8] have been developed for this reaction and have utilized dual activation of the nitro group and the indole NH moiety. Encouraged by our previous success [9] in the control of catalyst-substrate arrangements with multiple binding modes of 1 for either metal coordination or hydrogen bonding, we therefore selected the FriedelCrafts alkylation of indole with nitroalkenes to examine the feasibility of our orthogonal enantioselectivity approach.

No abstract

PurposeWith the remarkable advancements in information and communication technologies, comprehending online sport fan communities is being pushed further up in the agenda of sport teams worldwide. Based on social identity theory, the main purpose of this research paper is to test the mechanism of how horizontal relationships developed through online communities lead to vertical relationships such as team identification and behavioural intentions.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of online baseball fan community members in South Korea (N = 400) and employing structural equations modelling, the current research examined the structural relations among online community identification, team identification, behavioural intention and WOM intention while testing moderating effect of perceived authenticity.FindingsThis study finds that online community identification has a significant positive impact on team-level consumer outcomes: team identification, behavioural intention and WOM intention. Team identification is verified as a significant determinant of both behavioural intention and WOM intention. Moreover, the partial mediating role of team identification in the relationships between online community identification and behavioural intentions are corroborated.Originality/valueThe present study furnishes essential information for identifying the underlying mechanism of how fan-to-fan horizontal relationships cultivate team-to-fan vertical relationships in the context of the virtual fan community.