A new protocol for the synthesis of 2,2'-bisindole-3-acetic acid derivatives from aldimines derived from 2-aminocinnamic acid derivatives and indole-2-carboxaldehyde was developed via a cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction. With this protocol, the divergent total syntheses of arcyriaflavin A, a representative indolocarbazole natural product, and calothrixin B, a representative indolo[3,2-j]phenanthridine natural product, were completed using a 2,2'-bisindole-3-acetic acid derivative as the common intermediate.

Ag eneral method to generate umpolung of aldimines with cyanide was developed via the addition of cyanide to aldiminesf ollowed by ap roton transfer from the carbon atom to the nitrogen atom in the resulting cyanide adducts.T hisn ovel method was successfully applied to the first imino-Stetter reaction of aldimines obtainedf rom 2-aminocinnamic acid derivatives anda romatic aldehydes with cyanide,a ffording 2-aryl-substituted indole-3-acetic acid derivatives.F urthermore,t he usefulness of this method wass uccessfully demonstratedb yt he synthesis of an FPTase inhibitor, one of the biologically important2-arylindole-3-acetic acid derivatives.

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To identify novel cervical cancer-related genes that are regulated by DNA methylation, integrated analyses of genome-wide DNA methylation and RNA expression profiles were performed using the normal and tumor regions of tissues from four patients; two with cervical cancer and two with pre-invasive cancer. The present study identified 19 novel cervical cancer-related genes showing differential RNA expression by DNA methylation. A number of the identified genes were novel cervical cancer-related genes and their differential expression was confirmed in a publicly available database. Among the candidate genes, the epigenetic regulation and expression of three genes, CAMK2N1, ALDH1A3 and PPP1R3C, was validated in HeLa cells treated with a demethylating reagent using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR, respectively. From these results, the expression of the CAMK2N1, ALDH1A3 and PPP1R3C genes are were shown to be suppressed in cervical cancers by DNA methylation. These genes may be involved in the progression or initiation of cervical cancer.

Oil-contaminated soils from a former landfill and gas station site in Korea were treated by thermal desorption. The removal efficiencies of the different oil components such as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and alkylated PAHs (Alk-PAHs) by thermal desorption were determined. The effects of temperatures (200, 400, and 600 °C) and treatment times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) on the thermal desorption efficiency were studied. The treatment efficiency increased with increasing temperature from 200 to 400 °C and with increasing treatment time. Almost complete removals of TPH, UCM, PAHs, and Alk-PAHs were observed after 15 min at 400 °C. The treatment temperatures of 400 and 600 °C did not show a significant difference (p-value > 0.05). Overall, this study shows that the different components of oil in the oil-contaminated soils can be treated effectively in a relatively short time by thermal desorption, and such high removal efficiency in a relatively short time for the oil-contaminated soils can be of advantage for the treatment of highly contaminated or weathered soils where biological treatment efficiency is low.