The gluteus medius muscle is an important muscle that dampens and stabilizes the lateral inclination of the pelvis during one-leg standing and walking. Defining the internal structure of the gluteus medius muscle, muscle output and electromyographic waveform characteristics leads to appropriate improvement of the examination method in clinical practice and better interpretation of the examination data, and can contribute to improvement and prevention of functional disorders such as instability and fall.Macroscopic anatomical investigations revealed that the aponeurosis was present inside the gluteus medius and divided into anterior and posterior bundles. In the measurement of muscle cross-sectional area and electromyography at the time of maximum abductor abduction, the data were estimated that the anterior fiber bundle mainly contributed to the hip extension position and the posterior fiber bundle mainly contributed to the hip flexion position. The myoelectric potentials of both fiber bundles of the gluteus medius during walking had individual characteristics of the subjects, but reflected the characteristics at the time of maximum muscle strength.
The purposes of this study are to construct a neuro-musculo-skeletal model representing characteristics of spasticity and to clarify the biomechanical features of spasticity through the computational model. This study constructed two type models:a pendulum test model and a spastic gait model. The pendulum test model had one degree of freedom at the knee joint, and the spastic gait model had threedimensional entire-body structure. Stretch reflex by the muscle spindle and elastic property of the muscle were mainly formulated in the neuronal model. Two types of spastic gait were investigated:muscle contracture and increasing of the stretch reflex. As the results, the pendulum movement well represented the features of spastic pendulum one, and the walking model synthesized walking motion with compensatory motion such as raise-up motion of pelvis, which is often observed in spastic gait. Virtual treatment such as selective dorsal rhizotomy was performed by changing transmissibility of the signal from the muscle spindle. The effects of several treatments for spasticity were also evaluated from variation of the gait pattern.
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