This study examines the relationships of trait-like tendencies towards authentic and hubristic pride (Tracy & Robins, 2004) with goal-regulation tendencies, affective tendencies, and impulsive traits. Undergraduates (n = 936) completed the 14-item measure of authentic and hubristic pride (Tracy & Robins, 2007b) and a battery of other self-report measures. The two types of pride correlated with distinct profiles of goal regulation tendencies, affective tendencies, and self-control. Authentic pride correlated with measures of self-control, whereas hubristic pride was related to measures of impulsivity and aggression. Overall, the differential pattern of correlations fits with a model in which authentic pride is tied to adaptive achievement and goal engagement, whereas hubristic pride is tied to extrinsic values of public recognition and social dominance.
The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPTS;Joiner, 2005) is a relatively new model for understanding and conceptualizing suicide that posits two necessary conditions for an individual to engage in lethal or nearlethal suicidal behaviors: suicidal desire and capability. In terms of suicidal desire (i.e., who wants to die by suicide), the IPTS proposes two key psychological states: first, the perception that one is a burden to others (referred to as perceived burdensomeness) and, second, the perception that one is isolated from others or is not important to others (referred to as thwarted belongingness). According to the IPTS, active suicide ideation emerges from the combined experience of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (Van Orden et al., 2010). In terms of suicidal capability (i.e., who is able to die by suicide), the IPTS hypothesizes that individuals with lowered fear of death and higher levels of pain tolerance have greater capacity for engaging in intentional self-inflicted injury (Van Orden et al., 2010). According to this model of suicide, it is the combination of suicidal desire and suicidal capability that leads to lethal or near-lethal suicidal behavior; possessing only one of these two dimensions is not sufficient. The IPTS thereby provides a model for understanding why some individuals who think about suicide do not go on to make a suicide attempt or die by suicide (i.e., they possess desire but not capability).Although the IPTS has been the focus of considerable empirical investigation over the past decade, the majority of this research has focused on suicidal desire. For example, studies have consistently found that perceived burdensomeness is associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempts in settings and populations including mental health outpatients
AbstractThe interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide has been the focus of considerable empirical investigation over the past decade. However, little research has focused on the theory's proposition that the capability for suicide is "acquired" as a consequence of exposure to painful and provocative experiences such as violence, aggression, and trauma. To determine if capability for suicide is "acquired" over time, we conducted a prospective study of 168 military personnel deployed to Iraq. Capability scores remained stable over the course of 2 years from pre-to postdeployment, even among military personnel reporting high combat exposure. Significant positive correlations among capability and combat exposure were comparable both before and after deployment. These findings suggest that capability for suicide was not "acquired" following combat exposure in this sample of military personnel. Capability was, instead, a stable construct.
Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States and is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. military. Previous research suggests that data obtained from social media networks may provide important clues for identifying at-risk individuals. To test this possibility, the social media profiles from 315 military personnel who died by suicide (n = 157) or other causes (n = 158) were coded for the presence of stressful life situations (i.e., triggers), somatic complaints or health issues (i.e., physical), maladaptive or avoidant coping strategies (i.e., behaviors), negative mood states (i.e., emotion), and/or negative cognitive appraisals (cognition). Content codes were subsequently analyzed using multilevel models from a dynamical systems perspective to identify temporal change processes characteristic of suicide death. Results identified temporal sequences unique to suicide, notably social media posts about triggers followed by more posts about cognitions, posts about cognitions followed by more posts about triggers, and posts about behaviors followed by fewer posts about cognitions. Results suggest that certain sequences in social media content may predict cause of death and provide an estimate of when a social media user is likely to die by suicide.
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