AIM:To determine the frequency and characteristics of extracolonic lesions detected using computed tomographic (CT) colonography.
METHODS:The significance of extracolonic lesions was classified as high, intermediate, or low. Medical records were reviewed to establish whether further investigations were carried out pertaining to the extracolonic lesions that were detected by CT colonography.
RESULTS:A total of 920 cases from 7 university hospitals were included, and 692 extracolonic findings were found in 532 (57.8%) patients. Of 692 extracolonic findings, 60 lesions (8.7%) were highly significant, 250 (36.1%) were of intermediate significance, and 382 (55.2%) were of low significance. CT colonography revealed fewer extracolonic findings in subjects who were without symptoms (P < 0.001), younger (P < 0.001), or who underwent CT colonography with no contrast enhancement (P = 0.005). CT colonography with contrast enhancement showed higher cost-effectiveness in detecting highly significant extracolonic lesions in older subjects and in subjects with symptoms.
CONCLUSION:Most of the extracolonic findings d e t e c t e d u s i n g C T c o l o n o g ra p hy w e r e o f l e s s significant lesions. The role of CT colonography would be optimized if this procedure was performed with contrast enhancement in symptomatic older subjects.
In the presence of appropriate pH-gradient across an organic liquid membrane, selective up-hill transport of SCN− through the membrane was efficiently mediated by 6,6′-bis(4-hexylbenzoylamino)-2,2′-bipyridine upon complex formation with CuII, in which the metal center served as an SCN−-selective binding site while pH-switched dissociation-association of the amide proton(s) of the ligand regulated uptake and release of SCN−.
An eye-shaped coplanar liquid lens was fabricated using spherical polymer encapsulation to enhance the focusing power. For the spherical encapsulation, a thin film polymer layer was deposited by chemical vapor deposition on an outer surface of the top liquid. Polymer thin film (parylene) encapsulation with coplanar structure provides a unique advantage of wafer level packaging of liquid lens and convenient accessibility of the electrical signal. The fabricated variable liquid lens with an initial focal length of 35mm was tuned up to 12mm at V rms 70 V.
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