The surgery-first orthognathic approach without presurgical orthodontic treatment was found to be predictable and applicable to treat class III dentofacial deformities, and we recommend consideration of the technique as an effective alternative for treating this condition.
To develop a more effective transdermal delivery method for lipophilic functional cosmetic compounds such as retinol, we formulated various deformable liposomes and compared their transdermal delivery efficiency with those of neutral or negatively-charged conventional liposomes. We tested the deformability of liposomes containing edge activators such as bile salts, polyoxyethylene esters and polyoxyethylene ethers. As indicators of deformability, we used the passed volume and phospholipid ratios during extrusion, as well as the deformability index. We found that the type of edge activator significantly affected the extent of deformability, and that Tween 20 provided the highest level of deformability. Accordingly, we used Tween 20 to formulate deformable liposomes containing retinol in the membrane bilayers, and conducted a skin permeation study in Franz diffusion cells, using dermatomed human skin and three-dimensional human keratinocyte layers. As compared with the use of conventional neutral or negatively-charged liposomes, the use of Tween 20-based deformable liposomes significantly increased the skin permeation of retinol. These results suggested that deformable liposomes might be of potential use for the formulation of retinol and other lipophilic functional cosmetic compounds.
To determine normal postoperative CT findings and tumor recurrence in patients who have undergone radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the postoperative CT scans of 51 patients who had undergone radical cystectomy with urinary diversion, and in analysis specially emphasised normal postoperative CT findings and recurrent cancer in the surgical bed. Among these 51 patients, 43 had undergone incontinent urinary diversion(Bricker operation), while for six, diversion had been continent (Kock procedure). Attempts were also made to characterise the CT findings of each procedure according to the location of the ileal pouch, the pattern of contrast collection within the pouch, and the morphology of the ileocutaneostomy site. Results : Each urinary diversion procedure demonstrated characteristic postoperative CT appearances. The Bricker procedure revealed a contrast-filled ileal conduit in the right lower quadrant excreting into the ileocutaneostomy site, while the Kock procedure demonstrated layering of contrast and urine within the pouch as well as artificially intussuscepted afferent and efferent ileal loops at the anastomotic sites. Thirty-three small soft tissue density lesions in the surgical bed were seen in 19 patients (37%). Thirty one were bilateral (n=28) or unilateral (n=3) triangular or oval shaped soft-tissue-density lesions and two were unilateral irregular shaped lesions. Follow-up CT scans showed that all triangular or oval-shaped lesions were smaller (n=8) or show no change in size (n=23) ; they were thought to represent postoperative fibrosis or granulation tissue. Two cases of irregular-shaped soft-tissue-density lesions were seen on follow-up CT scans to be larger, and these were confirmed by percutaneous biopsy to be recurrent cancer. Conclusion : It is important for the radiologist to be familiar with normal postoperative CT findings of various urinary diversion procedures as well as to recognize a relatively high incidence (37 %) of small soft tissue density lesions in a surgical bed. In our study, small triangular or oval-shaped soft-tissue-density lesions in the surgical bed (especially when these were bilateral) were thought to represent postoperative fibrosis or granulation tissue, and close follow-up by means of CT scanning rather than an invasive procedure is therefore warranted.
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