Highlights d The depletion of Roseburia is associated with alcohol consumption in human cohorts d R. intestinalis ameliorates the experimental ALD in mice regardless of viability d Flagellin from R. intestinalis protects on ethanol-disrupted gut barrier functions d The ethanol-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis is restored by R. intestinalis
We consider the downlink of a cellular network with multiple cells and multi-antenna base stations, including a realistic distance-dependent pathloss model, clusters of cooperating cells, and general "fairness" requirements. Beyond Monte Carlo simulation, no efficient computation method to evaluate the ergodic throughput of such systems has been presented so far. We propose an analytic solution based on the combination of large random matrix results and convex optimization. The proposed method is computationally much more efficient than Monte Carlo simulation and provides surprisingly accurate approximations for the actual finite-dimensional systems, even for a small number of users and base station antennas. Numerical examples include 2-cell linear and three-sectored 7-cell planar layouts, with no inter-cell cooperation, sector cooperation, or full inter-cell cooperation.
There has been much interest in developing a thin-film solar cell because it is lightweight and flexible. The GaAs thin-film solar cell is a top contender in the thin-film solar cell market in that it has a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to that of other thin-film solar cells. There are two common structures for the GaAs solar cell: n (emitter)-on-p (base) and p-on-n. The former performs better due to its high collection efficiency because the electron diffusion length of the p-type base region is much longer than the hole diffusion length of the n-type base region. However, it has been limited to fabricate highly efficient n-on-p single-junction GaAs thin film solar cell on a flexible substrate due to technical obstacles. We investigated a simple and fast epitaxial lift-off (ELO) method that uses a stress originating from a Cr/Au bilayer on a 125-μm-thick flexible substrate. A metal combination of AuBe/Pt/Au is employed as a new p-type ohmic contact with which an n-on-p single-junction GaAs thin-film solar cell on flexible substrate was successfully fabricated. The PCE of the fabricated single-junction GaAs thin-film solar cells reached 22.08% under air mass 1.5 global illumination.
In this paper, we investigate a behavior of the cell average ergodic capacity for distributed antenna systems (DAS) in a composite fading channel model which contains small-scale and large-scale fadings. For small-scale Rayleigh fadings, based on the proof of asymptotic normality, the mean and the variance of the instantaneous capacity were recently presented as a closed form solution. However, this solution is too complicated to be applied directly for obtaining the average ergodic capacity over a cell. In this work, we derive a simple and accurate expression for the ergodic capacity by utilizing the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) analysis. Our simple solution provides meaningful insight on how the ergodic capacity is affected as SNR, pathloss and antenna configurations change. Also it is useful for capturing quantitative performance measures such as the multiplexing gain and the power offset. In addition, we analyze the cell average ergodic capacity by taking into account the shadowing effect and the pathloss on the basis of our results on the small-scale fadings. These expressions lead to some insights on the performance of DAS under practical environments. Finally, numerical results confirm the validity of our analytical results.
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