In this work, copper nanowires (NWs) and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) were employed to increase the reliability of a printed electrode pattern under mechanical bending fatigue. The fabricated Cu NW/NP inks with different weight fractions of Cu NWs were printed on a polyimide substrate and flash light-sintered within a few milliseconds at room temperature under ambient conditions. Then, 1000 cycles of outer and inner bending fatigue tests were performed using a lab-made fatigue tester. The flash light-sintered Cu NW/NP ink film with 5 wt % Cu NWs prepared under the flash light-sintering conditions (12.5 J·cm–2 irradiation energy, 10 ms pulse duration, and one pulse) showed a lower resistivity (22.77 μΩ·cm) than those of the only Cu NPs and Cu NWs ink (94.01 μΩ·cm and 104.15 μΩ·cm, respectively). In addition, the resistance change (ΔR·R0(–1)) of the 5 wt % Cu NWs Cu NW/NP film was greatly enhanced to 4.19 compared to the 92.75 of the Cu NPs film obtained under mechanical fatigue conditions over 1000 cycles and an outer bending radius of 7 mm. These results were obtained by the densification and enhanced mechanical flexibility of flash light-sintered Cu NW/NP network, which resulted in prevention of crack initiation and propagation. To characterize the Cu NW/NP ink film, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used.
In this work, the microstructures of inkjet-printed nanosilver films sintered by intense pulsed light (IPL) were systematically analyzed and correlated with the electrical properties. Nanosilver films with various dimensions were inkjet-printed and sintered at different light intensities to investigate the effects of the film dimension and light intensity on the sintering characteristics. For comparison purposes, the same inkjet-printed films were also thermally sintered at 210 °C for 1 h. Consecutive light pulses from a xenon lamp induced film swelling and the corresponding hollow microstructures of the inkjet nanosilver films. The resistance of IPL-sintered films was inversely proportional to the light intensity, and the resultant conductivity comparable to the thermally sintered one was achieved within just a few tens of ms, without damaging a polymer substrate. While all the thermally sintered patterns experienced shrinkage during the sintering process, the IPL-sintered ones could keep their initial dimension at a certain light intensity.
In this study, a signal-amplifiable
nanoprobe-based chemiluminescent
lateral flow immunoassay (CL-LFA) was developed to detect avian influenza
viruses (AIV) and other contagious and fatal viral avian-origin diseases
worldwide. Signal-amplifiable nanoprobes are capable of size-selective
immobilization of antibodies (binding receptors) and enzymes (signal
transducers) on sensitive paper-based sensor platforms. Particle structure
designs and conjugation pathways conducive for antigen accessibility
to maximum amounts of immobilized enzymes and antibodies have advanced.
The detection limit of the CL-LFA using the signal-amplifiable nanoprobe
for the nucleoprotein of the H3N2 virus was 5 pM. Sensitivity tests
for low pathogenicity avian influenza H9N2, H1N1, and high pathogenicity
avian influenza H5N9 viruses were conducted, and the detection limits
of CL-LFA were found to be 103.5 50% egg infective dose
(EID50)/mL, 102.5 EID50/mL, and 104 EID50/mL, respectively, which is 20 to 100 times
lower than that of a commercial AIV rapid test kit. Moreover, CL-LFA
demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity against 37 clinical
samples. The signal-amplifiable probe designed in this study is a
potential diagnostic probe with ultrahigh sensitivity for applications
in the field of clinical diagnosis, which requires sensitive antigen
detection as evidenced by enhanced signaling capacity and sensitivity
of the LFAs.
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