Nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films composed of densely packed grains were deposited onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates at room temperature using a chemical bath deposition technique. A layer-by-layer (LbL) process was utilized to obtain a 1.418-microm-thick TiO2/ZnO structure. The TiO2 surface was super-hydrophilic, but its hydrophilicity decreased considerably after ZnO deposition. Other TiO2/ZnO films were studied to assess their suitability as photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

The formation of SAMs on oxides and semiconductor surfaces has become a significant issue recently in its various technological applications. We report an easy and convenient method for the tailoring of an ITO surface with an amine functional group. A dense self-assembled monolayer of 1,12-diaminododecane was formed on the ITO surface. The long alkyl chain amine was observed for the first time to form a stable self-assembled monolayer. The amine group in diaminododecane was found to have good affinity for the ITO material. The diamine functionality of diaminododecane was utilized for the preparation of another layer of heteropolyacid on the SAM/ITO surface.

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