Abstract:In order to evaluate the thermal and lighting energy performance of a kinetic façade using external movable shading devices, it is important to consider the operation of the shading devices since it can influence the performance significantly. This study proposes a calculation methodology which assesses the performance of the movable shading devices with the consideration of the movements of the shading devices. Calculation methods were derived by which solar heat gain, lighting energy requirement, and the primary energy equivalent to heating and cooling energy requirement can be obtained. Using the calculation methods, the optimal operation scenario for the movable shading devices was presented which can minimize the solar heat gain and lighting energy requirement. A comparison case study was carried out to demonstrate the use of the control strategies for a building where a drop awning was installed. The results showed that the optimal operation scenario suggested in this study can potentially deliver effective energy performance. The limitation and applicability of the suggested method were also discussed.
Abstract:The energy performance of buildings depends on how effectively the building envelope responds to climate. Architects, therefore, need to design building envelopes with the consideration of local climate characteristics in the early design stage. Simplified formulas were used that evaluate the heating and cooling energy demand of building envelopes, which were applied to a model building with envelope and climate properties according to eight climate zones. Two climate indices, P and S, were developed. P enables the comparison of the heating and cooling energy demand of building envelopes, and S is for comparing the solar heat gain during heating and cooling seasons to review the feasibility of installing shading devices. The physical properties of envelopes were set differently according to the requirements in each climate zone proposed by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1. Using local climate data, the P and S of 24 cities over eight climate zones in the United States were derived, which can be used to evaluate the heating and cooling energy characteristics of envelopes. The indices not only enable users to understand the characteristics of the local climate conditions in a simple manner, but also to carry out quantitative assessments on whether shading devices are feasible and, if so, what type is recommended. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 1885
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