Introduction. COVID-19 is an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal co-infections. Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection occurring in post COVID-19 patients. Objectives. To study the role of histopathology in mucormycosis and the predisposing factors associated in development of mucormycosis in post COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted in our hospital in the pathology department over a period of 3 months on 200 patients with mucormycosis who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Results. Out of the 200 patients with mucormycosis studied in post COVID-19 patients, age ranged from 21–80 years, of which 132 were men and 68 were women. Sites involved by mucormycosis were sinuses, orbit, cranium, and cutaneous. Ethmoid sinus was most involved, followed by maxillary sinus. Diabetes was present in 162 patients and hypertension in 92 patients. On histopathological examination, fungal load was severe in 49 patients, angioinvasion was present in 48 patients, perineural invasion was present in 32 patients, and necrosis was present in 121 patients. The number of patients discharged after surgery was 169, whereas 31 died. Conclusion. Histopathological features of mucormycosis like angioinvasion, perineural invasion, severe fungal load, and large areas of necrosis were directly proportional to the mortality rate. Thus, histopathologists can help in assessing prognosis at the time of tissue diagnosis, so that clinicians can optimize treatment accordingly. Diabetes and history of corticosteroid intake for treatment of COVID-19 were the two commonest predisposing factors for development of mucormycosis.
Introduction: Papanicolaou(PAP) staining is commonly used for staining cervical cytology. Leishman Giemsa (LG) cocktail, being a relatively new staining technique, is now being usedextensively in exfoliative cytology.Aims & Objective:To study and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and reliability of LG cocktail in comparison with the PAP stain in exfoliated cells of cervical cytology. Materials &Method: Cross-sectional study conducted at department of pathology for 3 months.The pap smears were stained with LG and PAP stains. The smears were evaluated in terms of nuclear morphology,Cytoplasm and background and scored as per the criteria of Sujathanetal. Results: Sample size was 200 (100 pap stained and 100 LG cocktail stained).Both Cytoplasmic staining and Nuclear staining was better in LG. Background staining is more in LG Cocktail stain but was not obscuring the cell morphology. Conclusion: Papanicolaou staining is widely used technique but it has few limitations LG cocktail staining method is an easy, cost-effective and one-step technique that can be helpful in screening large number of cases in screening cervical cancers.
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