Background: The residents’ perceptions of the crime and lack of safety with their neighborhood environment, associated with stress that confers risk for drinking .While many studies have focused on adult drinking, less is known about how subjective neighborhood crime influences drinking during adolescent. We aimed to determine the association of perceived neighborhood crime and youth alcohol use. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on 1087 university youths from 30 neighborhood clusters in Northeastern Thailand from May 2019 to Mar 2020 .The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire .A multilevel logistic regression model was applied to examine the effect of perceived neighborhood crime on hazardous alcohol use. Results :Most of youths were female, approximately 60.7 %reported hazardous alcohol use, and the average perceived neighborhood crime score was 65.1 (standard deviation, 2.1) .The perceived neighborhood crime was associated with hazardous alcohol use; a 1-unit increase in the scores for perceived neighborhood crime corresponded to a 20 %increase in hazardous alcohol use. The role of perceived neighborhood crime on alcohol use varied among males, but not females. Conclusion :The perceived neighborhood crime plays a role in the increase likelihood of hazardous alcohol use .The consideration of neighborhood crime context is important to design the alcohol preventive and intervention strategies.

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Context: A major social problem among clients with substance use disorders is stigmatization related to health conditions, which contributes to poor mental and physical health circumstances and becomes hazardous to substance abuse treatment. Meanwhile, decreased stigmatization among cannabis users might occur because some people use cannabis without experiencing harm or believe it to be a harmless substance and might not be receiving treatment. Several studies have investigated stigma toward substance use disorder and treatment. However, less is known about how stigmatization influences treatment. Aims: To investigate the association between the perceived stigma of addiction and treatment utilization among cannabis addicts. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted with consecutive sampling techniques among 977 cannabis users recruited from all 7 compulsory drug detention centers in Thailand. The data were collected by standardized interviewers with a structured interviewing questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the effect of perceived stigma of treatment utilization. Results: Most clients were male (84.5%), had a family history of drug problems (54.5%), and had a history of mental health problems (5.1%). Most of them reported moderate-to-high levels of perceived stigma (87.2%) and received treatment (28.9%). Greater perceived stigma was associated with decreased treatment for cannabis abuse. Conclusions: The perceived stigma of addiction is a barrier to cannabis abuse treatment utilization. Thus, a better understanding of stigma could reduce its negative impact on seeking and engaging in treatment.

ObjectivesTo identify the associations of characteristics of the neighborhood environment with substance abuse among clients receiving treatment for drug abuse in Thailand.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted of 1128 drug addicts from 28 neighborhoods who were receiving treatment at all 7 compulsory drug detention centers in Thailand. A trained interviewer conducted structured interviews with the subjects about substance use and the perceived neighborhood environment in their community. A multilevel logistic regression model was applied to estimate the effects of the neighborhood environment on substance use.ResultsThe majority of participants, 53.8% only used methamphetamine pills, 31.3% used other illicit drugs as well as methamphetamine pills, and 14.9% used an illicit drug other than methamphetamine. Three neighborhood characteristics were associated with substance use. A 1-unit increase in the perceived neighborhood cohesion score was associated with a 15% reduction in methamphetamine pill use and an 11% reduction of the use of both methamphetamine pills and another illicit drug. Conversely, a 1-unit increase in perceived neighborhood crime predicted 19 and 14% increases in the use of methamphetamine pills and the use of both methamphetamine pills and another illicit drug, respectively. In addition, a 1-unit increase in the scores for stigma surrounding addiction corresponded to a 25% increase of the use of methamphetamine pills and a 12% increase in the use of both methamphetamine pills and another illicit drug.ConclusionsSubstance use among drug addicts was influenced by characteristics of the neighborhood environment. Therefore, prevention and intervention strategies should be designed based on a consideration of the impact of neighborhood context on substance use behaviors.

Evaluation of the amino acid composition, phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Coprinus radiata mushrooms was conducted. Free amino acid composition of fresh mushrooms was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The phytochemical properties analysis included total phenolic compound content and total flavonoid content of these mushrooms. Furthermore, antioxidant activity assays were performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Based on the results shown that a high concentration of non-essential amino acids, especially those of arginine and glutamic acid, were observed. However, isoleucine and leucine were major essential amino acids in these mushrooms. The ethanolic extract of C. radiata showed higher phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity than those of the water extract. It suggested that the C. radiata is a natural source containing some essential amino acids, a high amount of phytochemical properties and high antioxidant activity, potentially having medicinal and nutritional properties that provide health benefits.

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