Objective: To record frequency of hypocalcemia in children presenting with afebrile seizures. Methodology: This research includes 333 cases presenting with afebrile seizure for evlaution of hypocalcemia at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore during the year 2018. Each child was investigated for serum calcium. Specimen was collected from antecubital fossa by clean venipuncture using sterile disposable syringe. It was immediately transferred to a clean container with cap and sent to laboratory for analysis. Results: Age range in this study was from 2 months to 7 years with mean age of 3.627±1.68 years, mean duration of seizure 12.864±4.69 hours and mean weight was 16.099±4.44 Kg, 68.2% patients were of male gender and 31.8% patients were females. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is a key etiological component in afebrile seizures in infants and children. Keywords: Children, afebrilze seizure, hypocalcemia
Objective: To determine the type of bacterium involved in sputum of patients with chronic lung disease and to determine the culture sensitivity of bacterium involved in sputum of chronic lung disease patients Methodology: This Cross-sectional study, at Deptt of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, Lahore during 2020 to 2021. Total 160 children meeting the criteria of inclusion were the part of this trial. Then the children were given a petri dish to spit in and the samples were submitted to the medical lab to be analysed for bacteria. Penicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Amikacin, Gentamycin, and Vancomycin were tested on all cultured bacteria after they were identified. Results: we recorded 8.60±2.54 years mean age. The most frequent isolated organism was H-influenza (43.1%) followed by H-Parainfluenza (36.9%) and S. Pneumonia (20%). Sensitivity of Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Amikacin, Gentamycin, Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime and Vancomycin was significantly higher for H parainfluenza as compared to other isolated bacterium. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that among children with chronic lung disease the most frequency isolated bacterium was H-influenza (43.1%) followed by H-Parainfluenza (36.9%) and S. Pneumonia (20%). Antibiotic sensitivity was significantly higher for H-parainfluenza as compared to other isolated bacteria. Keywords: Bacterium, Sputum, Chronic, Lung disease, Culture, Sensitivity
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