Following the scheme developed by Misner and Sharp, we discuss the dynamics of gravitational collapse. For this purpose, an interior cylindrically symmetric spacetime is matched to an exterior charged static cylindrically symmetric spacetime using the Darmois matching conditions. Dynamical equations are obtained with matter dissipating in the form of shear viscosity. The effect of charge and dissipative quantities over the cylindrical collapse are studied. Finally, we show that homogeneity in energy density and conformal flatness of spacetime are necessary and sufficient for each other.
This study examined the Planning Commission's influence on Pakistan's activities, Function, and Economic reform. It claims that the Gross National Income (GNI) role in supervising five-year plans and had a centralizing impact. Knowledge, longevity, and a reasonable standard of life are used to calculate the Human Development Index (HDI). The major rule of NGOs is important for giving the public and private sectors the poor's voices and concerns in Planning Commission. The study is descriptive in nature. Conclusion of this research paper, they appointed retired Deputy Chairmen and mostly trained staff to join international agencies and left Pakistan. Some recommendations to improve the Planning Commission staff performance is proper training centers arrangement for staff, the appointment of Qualified PDs, establishment of Planning & Monitoring cells. These suggestions can play an important role ut forward for continuous upgrading of the institution's skills in the long run. A similar detailed analysis for all sectors needs to be done for the guidance of the senior staff of the Planning Commission and the Deputy Chairman. It will also help to genealithe results of this research.
Background and Objective: With the increasing life expectancy of the populations and rising prevalence of depressive and neurocognitive disorders, there is a need to address the association between the two in terms of magnitude of the neurocognitive disorders and the severity of depression. The current study addresses this issue and aims to observe the association between the two. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2014 to March 2015 at the Institute of Psychiatry at Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan where consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years were screened for depression using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Neurocognitive impairment was assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). -square test was used to compute the association between depression severity and neurocognitive deficit. Results: There was approximately equal gender distribution with a mean age of 63.6 ± 9.68 years. Eighty six percent of the study population was found to be suffering from clinical depression while seventy percent had neurocognitive deficit. The severity of depression came out to be directly proportional to the magnitude of the neurocognitive disorder (P = 0.000) with 68.8% of the patients with severe depression having moderate to severe neurocognitive deficit. Conclusions: Depression is associated with significant neurocognitive impairment in elderly in the local population; higher the severity of depression more the magnitude of cognitive impairment.
The study aims to establish its own social learning theory and ascertain the violence in educational institutions and its effects on student achievement. 211 students from Bahawalpur private school students completed a faceto-face questionnaire to examine the results. According to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indings, school violence positively inluences student achievement. The results also showed the association between school violence, peer violence, and family violence on the impact of student achievement. This model is appropriate for policymakers and practitioners to build a strategic plan to curb school violence and its impact on student's academic achievement. Finally, to improve the performance of secondary school students, counselors should take a prominent and proactive role in the topic by planning lectures, seminars, career talks, and other events. Several signiicant policy suggestions call for additional study, and theoretical and practical implications are suggested.
The Journal of Health and Medical Sciences is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
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