The operation of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)-based fuel cells involves numerous physicochemical processes and components actively governing its function and, among them, gas transport phenomena and gas diffusion layer (GDL) are noteworthy, and the present paper provides a comprehensive assessment on gas diffusion mechanism, geometry of GDL components and related modelling studies involved in GDL fabrication. The impact of GDL on diffusion of reactants, water management and the transport of ions has also been systematically dealt.

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