Environmental concerns caused by the extraction of raw materials and CO2 emissions in the production of Portland cement led to pressures to reduce the consumption of this constituent of concrete, combined with the need to increase its durability. The cement is the most costly and energy intensive component of concrete. The unit cost of concrete can be reduced as much as possible by partial replacement of cement with other waste pozzolanic materials. Certain materials of mineral origin are also added to concrete to enhance their strength and durability properties of concrete materials such as Granite Powder and other by TWA.
Nowadays, there is an increasing curiosity within the development of eco-friendly materials. Tobacco waste ash displays properties such as fineness, amorphous form and high silica content and thus needs to be investigated with its potential to show high pozzolanic activity The usage or replacement of fire bricks is periodical in nature in metallurgical based industries. The fire bricks cast out off after use are called as Spent Fire Bricks. The Spent Fire Brick which are the waste should be through properly without causing environmental problematics in the vicinity of dump. Usually the waste materials are cast out by land filling. In the analogous manner the spent fire bricks are also used as land filling material degrading the environment. Certain materials of mineral origin are also added to concrete to enhance their strength and durability properties of concrete materials such as Spent Fire Bricks and other by TWA.
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