Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is major oral health problem of young children. Risk factors for ECC are poor oral hygiene and feeding practices. Prevalence and severity of ECC is increasing with change in lifestyle and diet pattern in developing countries. Objectives: To assess the association between feeding practices and severity of early childhood caries in preschool children. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with convenient sample of 96 children up to six years age in Peoples Dental College from July to December 2020. Clinical examination included the recording of dental caries (dmft) using WHO criteria. The self-validated questionnaire consisting seven questions about feeding practices was asked to mothers. The Chi-square test was performed to determine association between severity of ECC and feeding pattern. Results: Mean dmft was 6.77 ± 5.91. Prevalence of severe-ECC (S-ECC) was highest in youngest age group. Caries experience was similar in breast fed, bottle fed, and mixed. There was no significant difference in non-severe ECC and ECC in relation to duration of breast or bottle feeding but frequency of night feeding was associated with S-ECC. Children given ready-made infant formula solid food had more S-ECC (13, 92%) compared to non-severe ECC (1, 7.1%) which was statistically significant. Children given homemade gram flour food were noted to have less of S-ECC (5, 27.5%) than nonsevere ECC (13, 72.5%) which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Present study revealed that multiple night feeding and weaning with readymade food are significant factors for S-ECC.

Introduction: this study was carried to understand Prevalence of malocclusion among the school children of Kathmandu, Sorakhutte residing near school during mixed dentition period. A sample of 600 children ; 365 male, 235 female in age group of 6-13yrs was selected randomly from different school of Kathmandu city. The aim of our study is to find out prevalence of malocclusion among the mixed detention children of Kathmandu. Materials & Method: Data was collected using direct observation of the subjects, Descriptive cross-sectional study method was used in this research. Occlusal assessment were done according to angle’s classification and dewey’s modification type of class I, class III malocclusion. Result: Subjects with normal occlusion was found to be 59.3% and with malocclusion was found to 40.7%. Among them class I malocclusion was majority of (57%) of study population, crowded incisors and significant difference was observed between male and female in the study. Conclusion: This study helps to access the prevalence malocclusion and need of orthodontic treatment for the mixed dentition period children.

Introduction: C-shaped canal configuration is mostly found in the mandibular second molar. The morphological characteristic of a C-shaped canal is the presence of a fin or web connecting the individual canal, making it difficult for cleaning, shaping, and obturation. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of C-shaped canal in mandibular second molar among cases of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in tertiary care hospitals. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics of tertiary care hospitals from 20th June 2020 to 20th December 2020 after receiving ethical approval from the Nepal Health Research Council on 19 June 2020. Cone-beam computed tomography images of 199 mandibular second molars with completely formed roots were used. Teeth with orthodontic braces, root resorption, root canal filling, and post were excluded from the study. The research was conducted taking a tooth as a unit. Convenience sampling was done. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of C-shaped canal according to this study is 25 (12.6%) (7.99-17.21 at 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The findings of the study conclude that C-shaped configuration is quite frequent in mandibular second molar among cases of Cone Beam Computed Tomography. A careful pre-operative radiographic evaluation may be helpful for diagnosing C-shaped configuration prior to root canal treatment.

Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a congenital condition that results when the inferior lingual frenulum is too short and is attached to the tip of the tongue, limiting its normal movements. Ankyloglossia can lead to different problems such as difficulties in breastfeeding, speech impediments, poor oral hygiene, malocclusion, inability to deglutition, thus being an undesired problem in normal life activity. Among various methods of treatment of ankyloglossia, laser-assisted lingual frenotomy is the simplest, safest, and less traumatic with the most promising results. Here, a case of ankyloglossia and its management by frenotomy with diode laser is reported in a four-year-old female child. After performing partial frenectomy (frenotomy) using a diode laser of 980nm there was an immediate tongue protrusion and slight improvement of phonetics of the patient immediately and altogether improved after six months.

BackgroundThe decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which measures the prevalence of caries based on the presence of cavitated caries lesions, is the most used dental caries index in epidemiological studies. Early diagnosis of noncavitated carious lesions enables preventive measures, which has the potential to prevent dental caries‐related morbidity and reduce the financial burden associated with restorative or rehabilitative dental care. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) incorporates both the cavitated and noncavitated carious lesions with acceptable reliability.AimTo compare dental caries prevalence based on ICDAS II and WHO criteria.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 362 children visiting People's Dental College and Hospital, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal to study dental caries prevalence based on the ICDAS II and WHO criteria.ResultsAmong the study population, 290 (90.34%) and 169 (68.42%) children had dental caries in primary and permanent teeth according to the ICDAS II criteria, whereas according to WHO criteria, 267 (83.18%) and 107 (43.32%) had dental caries in primary and permanent teeth, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher (p < .001) according to ICDAS II criteria than the prevalence based on WHO criteria in both dentitions.ConclusionThis study showed a significant difference in dental caries prevalence between the ICDAS II and WHO methods of caries diagnosis. The presence of noncavitated carious lesions was alarming. To enable detection of early/noncavitated carious lesions, ICDAS II rather than WHO criteria of caries diagnosis may be a more a valuable tool.