In the modern world of therapy, medicines are in major short of new treatments. It can take many years for a new drug to get through the research and development pipeline to be available in the market and the cost is enormous. And the growing drug resistance caused by the misuse of medications, has rendered several antibiotics and other life-saving drugs useless. Both these trends mean that scientists and pharmaceutical companies are urgently looking for new drug sources and are increasingly turning their eyes to traditional medicine. Major population (80%) in countries of Africa and Asia depends on traditional herbal treatments for their primary health care needs. When adopted outside of its traditional culture, traditional medicine is often called alternative medicine. Artemisia nilagirica which is locally known as 'Indian wormwood' belongs to the Asteraceae family and is considered against many ailments as it is possessed to have high content of biologically active molecules and essential oils. The plant has been used since centuries in antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, antifilarial, insecticidal, antiulcer, anticancer, antioxidant and anti-asthmatic activity. This review indicates the collected information on the description of in vitro cultivation, phytochemical constituents and therapeutic potential of A. nilagirica. The pharmacological studies reported in the present review confirms the therapeutic value of A. nilagirica. Presences of wide range of chemical compounds indicate that the plant could serve as a potent material for the development of novel agents having good efficacy in various disorders in the coming years.

The programme of protein synthesis accompanying cellular differentiation to the heterocyst following transfer of the blue-green algae Anabaena circularis and Cylindrospermum sp. (CBSC 1755) from ammonia-enriched medium to nitorgen-free medium was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole proteins during successive intervals of differentiation. Besides this, total proteins and soluble amino acids were determined quantitatively. At least 4 sets of proteins can be distinguished on the basis of the time at which they are synthesized. Besides this, differentiation is distinguishable on the basis of the time at which their synthesis is turned off. The postmaturation stages revealed the synthesis of two sets in A. circularis andone in Cylindrospermum so. (CBSC 1755).

Background Postoperative nausea and/or vomiting is a relatively frequent occurrence after general anesthesia in pediatric patients. Supplemental perioperative crystalloid fluid administration has been shown to have a positive effect on the incidence of nausea and/or vomiting in adults undergoing surgery. The question arises whether supplemental intraoperative intravenous fluids in pediatric patients offers beneficial results with regards to pediatric postoperative nausea and/or vomiting. Methods Pubmed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched up to March 2022 to perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials involving patients ≤18 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, with one group receiving conventional intraoperative fluids therapy and the other group receiving supplemental intraoperative fluid therapy, with intravenous crystalloids. The outcomes included incidence of postoperative vomiting, postoperative nausea and vomiting, the need for rescue anti‐emetics, postoperative thirst, and adverse events attributed to supplemental intravenous fluid therapy. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported for the outcomes using a random or fixed effects model. Results Seven randomized controlled trials (864 patients) were included in the final analysis. Supplemental intraoperative crystalloids reduce postoperative vomiting (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39–0.80; p = .001), postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37–0.74; p = .0003), postoperative thirst (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.13,0.34; p < .01), and the need for rescue anti‐emetics postoperatively (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.49–0.74; p = .00001). Conclusion Supplemental intraoperative intravenous crystalloids significantly reduce several PONV outcomes in healthy children undergoing relatively simple and superficial surgeries under volatile agent‐based general anesthesia.

Untreated rabbit liver microsomes demonstrated the highest content of cytochrome P450 and activity of NADPH cytochrome c reductase compared to rat and monkey. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of microsomes from untreated rabbit demonstrated a greater quantity of 50 KDa polypeptide than in rat and monkey. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and the band intensity of 26 KDa polypeptide was found to be at maximum in untreated rabbits, while rat liver demonstrated the highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase towards ethacrynic acid. The extent of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was at maximum in untreated rats. The activity of catalase was higher in untreated monkeys compared to untreated rats and rabbits. Lindane at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 body weight for a period of six days increased the hepatic content of cytochrome P450 and the activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, glutathione-S-transferases, haem oxygenase and lipid peroxidation, decreased non-protein thiols and concomitantly intensified the 50 and 26 KDa polypeptides in the microsomes and 100,000 x g supernatants respectively, in the rat but not in the rabbit or monkey. The results demonstrate that lindane is a bifunctional inducer in the rat and non-functional in rabbit and monkey. It also increased the activities of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes with concomitant production of oxidative stress in the rat, whereas in rabbit and monkey it did not alter the drug metabolizing enzymes nor produced any oxidative stress.

No abstract

Alteration in the pattern of heterocysts is observed when suspending ammonia-grown filaments of Anabaena ARM 314 in a medium devoid of combined nitrogen source but supplemented with rifampicin. Paired as well as strings of 3 -9 heterocysts were noticed. The electrophoretic protein pattern of non-heterocystous, heterocystous and multiple heterocystous filaments revealed that multiple heterocystous filaments are characterized by the presence of two additional protein transients. It is speculated that rifampicin may lead to an alteration in the enzyme system involved in the synthesis of inhibitory substances or, alternatively, to the formation or activation of enzyme systems involved in the sequestering of inhibitory substances.

No abstract

Glove and stocking distribution rash has previously been reported with viral infections like parvovirus etc. Drug induced glove and stocking distribution rash is very rare. We hereby report such a rsh associated with vancomycin as part of pharmacovigilance.