Energy consumption has emerged as a hot and frontier research theme in the application of electro-osmotic consolidation of low permeability soils. However, the resistance of circuits in an electro-osmotic consolidation system is complex, in which electric energy can be converted into various forms of energy. Based on the law of energy conversion, this study proposed a new method for the quantitive evaluation of energy conversion in an electro-osmotic consolidation system. The most important energy created during electro-osmotic consolidation is the molecular migration kinetic energy (MKE), which can drive the drainage of water and cations and the consolidation of soil, which is referred to as effective energy consumption (EEC). The second form of energy is interfacial thermal energy (ITE) which is associated with increasing interfacial resistance. The third form of energy is the soil thermal energy (STE) which is associated with the rising temperature of the system due to the passage of electric current. In our experiments, the EEC proportion was overestimated by 57%–80% in the electro-osmosis process without considering the ITE and STE. The efficiency of electro-osmotic drainage can be considerably enhanced if appropriate measures can be taken to reduce the proportion of ITE and STE.
An amino-functionalized bismuth metal−organic framework (Bi-BDC-NH 2 ) composited with nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon nanosphere (NMCS) was prepared to fabricate a Bi-BDC-NH 2 @NMCS electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II). The synthesized Bi-BDC-NH 2 was granular, amorphous, and loosely aggregated to form a porous structural composition where NMCS was embedded. The large specific area and exposed sites of Bi-BDC-NH 2 @NMCS copromote the adsorption and electron transfer of metal ions on the electrode surface. Compared with the traditional bismuth film electrode, the Bi-BDC-NH 2 @NMCS electrode can improve the charge transfer, stability, and conductivity. The developed method exhibited superior stripping performance with a detection limit of 0.36 ng mL −1 for Pb(II) and 0.44 ng mL −1 for Cd(II), respectively, and a linear range of 1.0−1500 ng mL −1 . It was applied to detect Pb(II) and Cd(II) in liver, fish, and shrimp samples with recoveries of 93.6−99.7% and 94.4−103.2%, respectively.
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