In situ detection of RNAs is becoming increasingly important for analysis of gene expression within and between intact cells in tissues. International genomics efforts are now cataloging patterns of RNA transcription that play roles in cell function, differentiation, and disease formation, and they are demonstrating the importance of coding and noncoding RNA transcripts in these processes. However, these techniques typically provide ensemble averages of transcription across many cells. In situ hybridization-based analysis methods complement these studies by providing information about how expression levels change between cells within normal and diseased tissues, and they provide information about the localization of transcripts within cells, which is important in understanding mechanisms of gene regulation. Multi-color, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) is particularly useful since it enables analysis of several different transcripts simultaneously. Combining smFISH with immunofluorescent protein detection provides additional information about the association between transcription level, cellular localization, and protein expression in individual cells. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(2): 65-72]

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An energy-efficient mobility management scheme in IP-based wireless networks is proposed to reduce the battery power consumption of mobile hosts (MHs). The proposed scheme manages seven MH states, including transmitting, receiving, attention/cell-connected, attention/paging area(PA)-connected, idle, off/attached, and detached states, to efficiently manage battery power, radio resources, and network load. We derive the stationary probabilities and steady state probabilities of the seven MH states for the proposed scheme in IP-based wireless networks in compact form. The effects of various input parameters on MH steady state probabilities and power consumption are investigated in the proposed scheme compared to the conventional scheme. Network costs such as cell updates, PA updates, binding-lifetime-based registrations, and paging messages are analyzed in the proposed and conventional schemes. The optimal values of PA size and registration interval are derived to minimize the network cost of the proposed scheme. The combined network and power costs are investigated for the proposed and conventional schemes. The results provide guidelines to select the proper system parameters in IP-based wireless networks.

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hyh~ang@cnrhist.a.b, sjkwon@kt.m.kc, yunwon.chung@kcl.ae.uk, dksung@ce.hirt.ac.bAbmoct-Far data communication I~TYJPLI gmdmlly domln*tiag In future airelnr neworb, one crucial problem is lo saw battery power of data trrmlnab urusily requiring much power. A mabii ity mm.grmm1 scheme in IP-hlsed wireIris networks is propored to reduce battery power consumption of mobile hosts. The pmprrd scheme manages sir sl~tes : communicating, aneotion/erllsonnrrled, anmtionlPA+onnrrted, idle, offhttachcd. and detached rater for cfficiom management ofbanmy power, radio re~owces, and network load. Steady itate probibilitiu for mobile brt(MH) state tmdtionr arc derived "Sing a semi-Markov process approach, and the pwcr-sa~ng effect of the proposed scheme Is anstyzed. The clTerts of varioua inpnt parameters on the steady state probabilities and power consump lion are a110 invnclg.trd. The pmpmrd mobility mmagelmnt rrhemr yields rignilieant p w e r saving in comparison with the c~r r e n t mobility management schemer for Mobile IP-based sireless network%