BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the streamlined liner of the pharynx airway (SLIPA), a new supraglottic airway device (SGA), with the laryngeal mask airway ProSeal™ (PLMA) during general anesthesia.MethodsSixty patients were randomly allocated to two groups; a PLMA group (n = 30) or a SLIPA group (n = 30). Ease of use, first insertion success rate, hemodynamic responses to insertion, ventilatory efficiency and positioning confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy were assessed. Lung mechanics data were collected with side stream spirometry at 10 minutes after insertion. We also compared the incidence of blood stain, incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and other complications.ResultsFirst attempt success rates were 93.3% and 73.3%, and mean insertion time was 7.3 sec and 10.5 sec in PLMA and SLIPA. There was a significant rise in all of hemodynamic response from the pre-insertion value at one minute following insertion of SLIPA. But, insertion of PLMA was no significant rise in hemodynamic response. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean maximum sealing pressure, gas leakage, lung mechanics data, gastric distension, postoperative sore throat and other complication between the two groups. Blood stain were noted on the surface of the device in 40% (n = 12) in the SLIPA vs. 6.7% (n = 2) in the PLMA.ConclusionsThe SLIPA is a useful alternative to the PLMA and have comparable efficacy and complication rates. If we acquire the skill to use, SLIPA may be considered as primary SGA devices during surgery under general anesthesia.

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway (SLIPA TM ) with the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA-ProSeal TM ) in mechanically ventilated paralyzed patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Methods One hundred and one patients were allocated randomly to SLIPA (n = 50) or to LMA-ProSeal (n = 51) treatment groups. After induction of general anesthesia and insertion of the assigned supralaryngeal airway (SLA) device, we made note of the occurrence of any gastric insufflation and perilaryngeal leakage. We then evaluated the anatomical fit of the SLA device using a fibreoptic bronchoscope, and we assessed the airway sealing pressure and respiratory mechanics with change in head position and during peritoneal insufflation. After surgery, we evaluated the severity of postoperative sore throat and the presence of blood or regurgitated fluid on the SLA device. Results The insertion success rate, gastric insufflation, perilaryngeal leakage, anatomical fit, airway sealing pressure, respiratory mechanics, severity of sore throat, and incidence of blood and regurgitated fluid on the device were similar between the two groups. The incidence of perilaryngeal leakage with changes in the patient's head position was lower with the SLIPA group than with the LMA-ProSeal group (3/50 vs 11/51, respectively; P = 0.026). During peritoneal insufflation, perilaryngeal leakage did not occur with the SLIPA but occurred in four cases with the LMA-ProSeal (P = 0.045). Conclusion Both the SLIPA and the LMA-ProSeal can be used effectively and without severe complications in paralyzed patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. However, the SLIPA offers the advantage of less perilaryngeal gas leakage than the LMA-ProSeal with change in head position and during insufflation of the peritoneal cavity. This trial is registered with ANZCTR (ACTRN12609000914268). RésuméObjectif L'objectif de cette e´tude e´tait de comparer le masque SLIPA TM (Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway) et le masque LMA-ProSeal TM (ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway) chez des patientes curarise´es recevant une ventilation me´canique et subissant une chirurgie gyne´cologique par laparoscopie. Méthode Cent une patientes ont e´te´ale´atoirement re´parties en deux groupes de traitement, soit SLIPA (n = 50) et LMA-ProSeal (n = 51). Apre`s l'induction de l'anesthe´sie ge´ne´rale et l'insertion du masque supralaryngeá ttribue´, nous avons note´la survenue de toute insufflation gastrique ou fuite pe´rilarynge´e. Nous avons ensuite e´valueĺ 'ajustement anatomique du masque supralarynge´a`l'aide d'un bronchoscope a`fibres optiques, la pression de fermeture des voies ae´riennes et la me´canique respiratoire suite a`des changements de position de la teˆte et pendant l'insufflation pe´ritone´ale. Apre`s la chirurgie, nous avons e´value´la gravite´des maux de gorge postope´ratoires et la pre´sence de sang ou de liquides re´gurgite´s sur le masque supralarynge´.

As the outermost layer of the body, the skin has many functions to maintain constant conditions in response to variable external factors. Despite these functions, the skin may be altered by various environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. In particular, skin barrier recovery is reduced when relative humidity is high. 1 According to Tsukahara et al, 2 in dry environments, skin elasticity is decreased and wrinkles form easily. Several studies have reported that sudden changes in humidity can cause abnormalities in the skin

Purpose: A study was designed to assess the effect of intraperitoneal instillation of ropivacaine in larparoscopic cholecystectomy patients using computerized patient controlled anesthesia (PCA). Methods: From January 2009 to June 2009, 40 patients with uncomplicated, symptomatic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis who were referred to Chung-Ang University Medical Center for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Patients in group C (control group) received normal saline 100 ml and those in group I (instillation group) received intraperitoneal instillation of 2 mg/kg of ropivacaine diluted in 100 ml saline at the initiation of pneumoperitoneum. Patients were assessed for pain by blinded investigators at 6 time intervals after surgery; 2 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr. The frequency at which patients pushed the button of the PCA on bolus requirement (FPB) was assessed by a patient-controlled module on the PCA machine. Results: The mean total fentanyl consumption was lower in group I (367.39±85.88) than in group C (535±100.29) during the 48 hours (P＜0.001). Fentanyl velocity and FPB showed significant difference between the groups (P＜ 0.005). Visual analogue scale (VAS) measured pain scores were significantly lower in group I than in group C at 4 hr (P=0.

Background/alms: Worldwide there are many skin care and makeup products intended to maintain good appearance or youthful skin. However consumers don't know which products are suitable for their skin because they don't know their skin type exactly. To solve this problem, this study suggests two possible classifications of facial skin type by using simple methods. Methods: In 662 healthy volunteers, sebum excretion rate (SER) on the forehead and cheek, and skin surface patterns on the cheek were examined by using Sebutape® and skin replica, respectively. Results: The measured SER values from the forehead were 0.06‐4.56 ng/cm2/min and those from the cheek were 0.04‐3.80 ng/cm2/min. From these data, five facial skin types were classified by SER: low SER type, medium SER type, high SER type, combination‐1 SER type, and combination‐2 SER type. Twelve facial skin types were also classified; they were determined by star formation (SF), primary lines (PL), secondary lines (SL) and pore size from magnified skin surface relief (SSR) of the cheek. Conclusions: From this study, we suggest new classifications of skin types by SER and SSR. The SER and the parameters of skin surface texture (SF, PL, and SL) decreased with age and the pore size increased with age. Although these methods did not classify facial skin types perfectly, we were able to check consumer's facial skin types simply and more quickly.

Piceid (5,4'-dihydroxystilbene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) is one of the stilbenes found in Polygonum cuspidatum. Previous studies have shown that this compound has little effect on tyrosinase inhibition when compared with other stilbenes in a cell-free tyrosinase assay. Furthermore, its role for melanogenesis in melanocytes is relatively unknown. In melanocytes, piceid inhibits tyrosinase activity and melanin production in a concentration-dependent manner. To explore the action of piceid on melanogenesis, we studied its effect on several key cellular enzymes and a transcriptional factor known to be involved in melanogenesis, including: tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, tyrosinase-related protein 2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Interestingly, the effects of piceid on hypopigmentation and inhibition of tyrosinase activity were better than those of arbutin, which is well known to inhibit melanin formation in melanocytes. In addition, piceid suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of the aforementioned enzymes and transcriptional factor in a concentration-dependent manner. In this regards, our results showed that piceid represents a safe and new candidate for a skin-lightening agent.

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