This study compares the environmental hazard burden experienced by Blacks, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Whites in each of the 329 metropolitan areas in the continental United States, using toxicity-weighted air pollutant concentration data drawn from the Environmental Protection Agency's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators project to determine whether and to what degree environmental inequality exists in each of these metropolitan areas. After demonstrating that environmental inequality outcomes vary widely across metropolitan areas and that each group in the analysis experiences a high pollution disadvantage in multiple metropolitan areas and a medium pollution disadvantage in many metropolitan areas, the authors test three hypotheses that make predictions about the role that residential segregation and racial income inequality play in producing environmental inequality. Using logistic regression models to test these hypotheses, the authors find that residential segregation and racial income inequality are relatively poor predictors of environmental inequality outcomes, that residential segregation can increase and decrease racial/ethnic group proximity to environmental hazards, and that the roles income inequality and residential segregation play in producing environmental inequality vary from one racial/ethnic group to another.
This paper examines racial messages in sport and how racial ideologies may be communicated through media sources dedicated to sports coverage. Our research specifically explores the changing participation levels of black and white athletes in professional basketball and football, and the extent to which these athletes were featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine between 1954 and 2004. As an institution, sport has played a major role in both revolutionizing and reinforcing racial attitudes. Since the 1960s, corresponding with the Civil Rights Movement, the number of professional minority athletes has increased greatly. Their representation on the cover of Sports Illustrated has also increased, but not necessarily in relation to their participation rates.Americans love their sports and we know how to prove it. They spend billions of dollars each year on sports related activities and items. They fork over the cash on everything from tickets to live sporting events to special cable and satellite packages. For those who splurge to see a live event, the opportunity to spend continues.
Eric Primm is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Pikeville College in Kentucky. In addition to studying racism in football card collecting, he presently is expanding his research to other sports and to other areas of popular culture such as the motorcycle subculture. Summer DuBois is a graduate student in the sociology department at the University of Colorado. Robert M. Regoli is a Professor of Sociology at University of Colorado. He has authored eleven books and more than one hundred scholarly articles. Professor Regoli is currently studying the transmission of racist ideology within sport card collecting. He is former president and Fellow of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences and the recipient of two J. William J. Fulbright Awards.
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