BACKGROUND Diagnosing penile cancer and grading the same with available diagnostic tools is not difficult, but the problem lies in the management and more so in groin node dissection. Lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice in patients presenting with positive node at the time of diagnosis, but problem arises in deciding node negative patients. Our aim was to evaluate role of prophylactic inguinal lymphadenectomy in carcinoma of penis. METHODS This was a prospective study carried out at MKCG Medical College and Hospital from 2012 to 2017. The clinical, diagnostic and follow-up data were collected from patient records. RESULTS A total 30 cases of penile carcinoma were included in the present study. Youngest patient was 29 years of age and oldest was of 78 years. 18 patients showed inguinal lymphadenopathy at the time of diagnosis. FNAC showed node positivity in 10 cases. 2 out of 8 cytologically negative lymph nodes for metastatic deposits came out to be positive after biopsy. Histologically majority diagnosed as moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and were in stage 2. 2 patients diagnosed as verrucous carcinoma. Radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was done in all patients with cytologically proven metastatic deposits, modified radical dissection done in cytologically negative lymphadenopathy cases. In remaining patients of carcinoma penis, without inguinal node involvement, an individualistic approach was undertaken.
BACKGROUNDPregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) also known as toxaemia of pregnancy is the most common complication during pregnancy. It is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence is higher in developing countries with malnutrition, hypoproteinemia and poor obstetric facilities.The aim of the study was hence undertaken to analyse the effects of PIH on placenta as these changes serve as a guide to the duration and severity of disease.
BACKGROUND Anaemia appears to be the rule rather than exception in our population. Females are most vulnerable and in pregnancy a woman is further pushed to an edge in this regard. Iron deficiency a preventable cause is the most common factor. Screening of the pregnant woman as early as possible and correcting anaemia is the priority of every clinician. Evaluation of CBC with the help of an automatic cell counter is immensely helpful in mass screening, much so in pregnant women where early detection with appropriate treatment will avoid many untoward effects both in mother and newborn.
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