The new age of the Internet of Things (IoT) is motivating the advancement of traditional Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). This paper is an overview of smart and secure communications to reduce traffic congestion using IoT based VANETs, known as IoV networks. Studies and observations made in this paper suggest that the practice of combining IoT and VANET for a secure combination has rarely practiced. IoV uses real-time data communication between vehicles to everything (V2X) using wireless communication devices based on fog/edge computing; therefore, it has considered as an application of Cyber-physical systems (CPS). Various modes of V2X communication with their connecting technologies also discussed. This paper delivers a detailed introduction to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) with current applications, discusses the architecture of IoV based on currently existing communication technologies and routing protocols, presenting different issues in detail, provides several open research challenges and the trade-off between security and privacy in the area of IoV has reviewed. From the analysis of previous work in the IoV network, we concluded the utilization of artificial intelligence and machine learning concept is a beneficial step toward the future of IoV model.
Wireless sensor networks(WSN) have wide range of application such as traffic analysis, environmental monitoring, industrial process monitoring, and tactical systems. Large-scale wireless sensor networks are expected to play increasingly important role in future civilian and military application. Designing of MAC layer protocol for wireless sensor network is a challenging task due to limited battery power and limited bandwidth. Time Division Multiple Access Protocol solves both problems at the level of MAC layer. Various scheduling method for TDMA protocol with different objective have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we first outline the sensor network properties that are crucial for the design of TDMA protocols and then, we describe several TDMA protocols which are proposed for sensor networks. Finally, we point out open research issue with regard to TDMA protocols.
The Internet of Things is seen as the progressive version of internet involving the transmission of information between things/objects with the aim of context-aware processing. The IoT can be anything ranging from home appliances, vehicles, almost anything networked and fitted with sensors, actuators or embedded computers. The IoT aims to make the internet sensory while maintaining a minimum quality of service (QoS) guarantee. In such an environment, job scheduling becomes very important, ensuring the minimum response time for message transfer. This work proposes an SCM based scheduling model for the IoT with the aim of minimization of the response time to optimize the scheduling performance of the underlying network and minimize the execution costs. After being serviced by a given node with its queue acting as a server for the message, appropriate next node for message forwarding is selected offering the least response time until the message reaches the destination. The effect of message scheduling to account for both the prioritized and non-prioritized message delivery has been studied.
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