BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the commonest causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The prevalence rate of cervical cancer in Uyghur women in Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China has been remarkably higher than the ethnic groups living in the same region. This study aimed to assess the knowledge level and attitude of cervical cancer and its issues among the Uyghur women in Xinjiang province of China.MethodsA cross-sectional interview-based survey of 5,000 Uyghur women was developed from 2013 to 2014 in Xinjiang autonomous region, to assess their knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and its issues. The collection of data was based on the questionnaire items.ResultsAccording to the questionnaire items, we collected a data for 5,000 participants. A very small proportion of participants had heard of the cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccine, that is, 27.0%, 13.0% and, 6.0%, respectively. According to the demographic characteristics, women aged 31 to 40 years were more aware of the knowledge of cervical cancer (32.9%), HPV (17.8%), and HPV vaccine (9.1%), and women with undergraduate or higher educational level had more knowledge of cervical cancer (30.0%), HPV (21.0%), and HPV vaccine (9.7%).ConclusionsFrom our study, we concluded that Uyghur women need more information about cervical cancer and its risk factors. Lack of the related knowledge about cervical cancer may be one of the important factors for high incidence rate of cervical cancer in Uyghur population. In order to reduce the incidence rate and mortality of cervical cancer in Uyghur women and to make extensive health education to raise awareness of cervical cancer and HPV is strongly needed than prophylactic vaccination.

Classification of primary brain tumors is based mainly on histopathological characteristics. Due to the peculiarity of the central nervous system (CNS), the location of the tumor is also used in the naming of the CNS tumors. These features, histopathology, and location determine the main prognostic factors in these tumors. Updated molecular and genetic findings in the last two decades accumulated vast amount of knowledge about the biological behavior, response to the treatment, and consequently the prognosis of CNS tumors. After the clinical use of these data, a recent classification is proposed by the International Society of Neuropathology named as "integrated diagnosis."This classification considers the histopathological classification, World Health Organization (WHO) grade along with the molecular information. The emerging molecular-genetic data about the CNS tumors will allow the translational researchers to deliberately understand the oncogenic mechanisms involved in the evolution of these tumors and judge the optional treatment strategies.Evaluating the check points of cell cycle and apoptosis provides valuable information about the tumor biology (tumorigenesis). These mechanisms (pathways) also play an exclusive role in CNS tumors. Knowledge concerning the gene repressors and gene activators or some epigenetic changes in proliferative and antiproliferative pathways that regarded gliomas may yield new individualized treatment options.In this chapter, we will review the basic and translational research molecular-genetic data of gliomas with special interest on proliferative and antiproliferative pathways. Further emerging treatment options and treatment responses in gliomas will be © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.critically evaluated with regard to their histopathology, anatomical location, and molecular-genetic fingerprints.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has produced profound effects on the global healthcare systems including every specialty. Pregnant women are physiologically immunocompromised and may be affected more by the pandemic than the general population. New and unique challenges were encountered by hospitals and healthcare providers (HCPs) related to medical, surgical and strategic management involved in obstetric care. Data of obstetric patients presenting in labour and delivery unit from April to July 2020 was studied. In all 533 patients presented, 46 (8.6%) were COVID-19 positive. Overall, 41% cesarean sections were performed with one mortality and one COVID-19-positive neonate. The challenges faced by HCPs regarding delivery of care and collective successive measures taken to overcome those challenges as well as challenges faced by patients related to healthcare provision are also addressed. Strategies adopted for timely intervention to overcome those challenges were implemented for smooth and safe care to all patients and staff. We believe that planning and preparing proactively is the key to address any pandemic like COVID-19.