Objectives: The present study was undertaken to determine the changes in levels of serum inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, calcium, magnesium and sodium during uterine changes of menstrual cycle. Material & Methods: Forty healthy menstruating regularly women, around 18-34 years of age, participated as subjects in our study. Estimation of serum inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, calcium, and magnesium were done by UV Molybdate (End point assay), Modified Trinder Peroxidase method, O-Cresolphthalein-Complexone method, and Calmagite method.Sodium levels were analyzed by Neochem Sodium-Potassium kit (Colorimetric and Turbidimetric Method). Results: The mean serum inorganic phosphorous level in menstrual Phase (4.11± 0.40) was significantly higher as compared to proliferative Phase (3.64 ± 0.44) and secretory Phase (3.23 ± 0.54). The levels of serum uric acid were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in secretory Phase whereas serum calcium level was increased in the proliferative Phase. The serum magnesium level was significantly decreased from menstrual to proliferative Phase (p
Introduction: Dysfunction of thyroid gland are among the most common disease of endocrine glands which affect a considerable portion of the population. Thyroid abnormalities are accompanied by changes in various intermediary metabolism which results in body weight alteration, insulin resistance, lipid profile and various biochemical parameters. Changes in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated metabolite (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) have been reported in patients with thyroid hypofunction but the evidence is controversial and not yet established. The present study planned to explore the association between thyroid function with DHEA and DHEAS levels in hypothyroid patients. Materials and Methods: An observational case control study was conducted in OPD patients of Rajshree Medical College of Rohilkhand region. RMRI, Bareilly.70 newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients were selected and all the biochemical parameters (plasma glucose, thyroid profile, DHEA and DHEAS) were compared with 70 age and sex matched healthy euthyroid controls. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22.0. version. Results: We found that serum DHEA and DHEAS levels were significantly reduced in hypothyroid patients as compared to control (p<0.0001). Significant negative correlation was observed between DHEA and its sulfated form with TSH and positive association with thyroid hormones (T3, T4, fT3, fT4). Conclusion:The present study demonstrated that hypothyroidism is associated with significantly low levels of DHEA and DHEAS concentration. Alteration of these sterols in hypothyroidism clearly indicates that thyroid hormone may stimulate the synthesis of these androgen precursors, though more elaborate study with increased sample size may provide more insights.
Tuberculosis being a highly contagious chronic pulmonary and systemic disease is explicit cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a direct relationship between zinc and copper in maturation of immunity, Cu/Zn ratio in serum serves to assess levels of oxidative stress in infectious diseases and thus could be used as a diagnostic tool in early diagnosis of smear negative tuberculosis. To study and evaluate significance of serum Cu and Zn concentration and Cu/Zn ratio in smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients in comparison to apparently healthy controls. Observational case control study was carried out on patients attending IPD and OPD, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, RMCH. Fifty cases of smear negative PTB patients(group A) was taken and compared with fifty age and sex matched apparently healthy controls(group B). Serum Cu and Zn were estimated in both groups by colorimetric method using EM Chem5Plus V2 Semi autoanalyzer. Data is presented as mean ± SD. Comparison of serum levels of the parameters between the two groups was performed by Student’s‘t’ test. The p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. We found serum Zinc to be significantly lower in group I than group II(p<0.00), serum Copper & Cu/Zn ratio to be significantly higher in group I than II(p<0.00). The results suggests that early estimation of serum Cu, Zn & Cu/Zn ratio serves as useful diagnostic marker for smear negative pulmonary TB cases though more extensive multicentric study will provide more insights.
Background: Perimenopause or menopausal transition is the phase which precedes menopause and is characterized with fluctuation in estrogen levels. Several studies have been done to investigate the changes in lipid profile in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Studies regarding the changes in lipid profile during perimenopause are scanty. This study was done to study the lipid profile in reproductive or premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Materials and method: A case control study was done on 60 late reproductive phase, 60 perimenopausal and 60 postmenopausal women. Total cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein -Cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined with a fasting venous blood sample. Low Density Lipoprotein -Cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by Friedwald's formula. TC/HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio were calculated and compared. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0 version (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Statistically significant increase in the total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and HDL-C levels and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio in the perimenopausal was observed when compared with women in late reproductive age group. LDL-C and the TC/HDL-C ratio although increased was statistically not significant. Postmenopausal women showed statistically significant increase in TC, serum TG, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL/HDL-C ratio. Conclusion: Adverse changes seen in the lipid profile during post menopause begins during the perimenopause. As the perimenopause phase is a period of varied length, it is the optimal time for lifestyle style modification and preventive intervention in order to prevent cardiovascular risk in future.
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