Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic, infected millions of individuals globally. Several studies have been done on the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters of SARCoV-2 disease. However, information on the association of lipid profiles with disease severity is very sparse. SAR-CoV-2 patients with dysglycemia and hypertension are shown to have a worse prognosis. Dyslipidemia is considered one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. The association of lipid profile with disease severity is less commonly studied. Although it is a cost-effective, easily performed, and routinely done test at clinical and hospital setups, it can be an independent risk factor for assessing disease severity. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate lipid profile variation in SARS-CoV-2 infections and its association with disease severity. Materials and Methods: The Institutional Ethics Committee of Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Hyderabad, approved this retrospective study before it was conducted there. A total of 400 SARS-CoV-2 patients were enrolled in this study. From March 2, 2021 to December 4, 2021. All the data regarding serum lipid profiles were extracted electronically. Results: We found that mean values of total cholesterol (TC) (98.15), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (25.11), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (38.30) compared to mild cases were significantly lower in severe cases: were significantly lower T-C (132.74), HDL-C (33.50), and LDL-C (59.25). A statistically significant difference was found between both groups in terms of TC (P < 0.001), HDL-C (P < 0.001), and LDL-C (P < 0.001). In addition, in the severe cases, triglycerides (TGs) levels showed an upward trend (256.95) and were significantly higher than in the mild cases (153.07) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Decreased levels of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C and increased levels of TGs were observed in severely ill Covid-19 cases. Higher TG levels immediately correlate with disease severity, and lower concentrations of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C are reciprocally associated with it. Our study about lipid profiles helps provide a new perspective on SAR-CoV-2 infection.
Objectives: The objective of this study were to find out differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after computer usage and to find out differences in IOP in males and females. Computers have become such a vital part of our daily lives that it is often difficult for us to eliminate our use. The present age is regarded as the computer age. Most of our time goes looking at screens of different forms in laptops, desktop computers, tablets, and mobile phones. Computers use has become a necessity of the present-day world in various professions and it may sometimes require prolonged sessions which can produce strain on the eyes, liable to affect IOP. Methods: The present study includes 100 subjects between 20 and 40 years of age who works continuously for at least 4 h a day on computer screens and individuals without ophthalmological disorders. Schiotz tonometer was used to measure IOP by an ophthalmologist. Results: Our study sample contains 80% males and 20% females, with a manage of 29.29 and 27.55 years, respectively. The increase in IOP value of the left eye after exposure is comparatively more significant in the 6–10 years exposure group (p=0.0000). This finding is similar to the one obtained for the right eye. There is a significant increase in mean IOP values after computer exposure in both males and females. However, the increase is comparatively more significant in males compared to females. Conclusion: There will be a significant increase in IOP after Computer exposure in both genders with a comparatively greater rise of IOP in males than those in females.
BACKGROUNDPhysiology is one of the foundation subjects of the medical curriculum worldwide. A student cannot grasp the subject thoroughly with didactic lectures alone. As a result, students are developing less interest in learning. Therefore, teachers of Physiology are employing novel, innovative interest-generating learning tools like quizzes, role-plays, seminars, etc besides traditional didactic lectures. Academically poster presentation has been used as a method to resort knowledge. A Poster presentation is a visual treat to the eye and provides an eagle’s view of the topic.AIMS AND OBJECTIVESA Poster or a Model aims to convey visually and deliver the willful message in an intelligible, crystalline, novel, innovative, interest-generating, unambiguous manner. The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences for first-year MBBS students. The topic selected was “Cardiovascular Physiology.” The knowledge of the Cardiovascular system is fundamental in understanding crucial concepts, medicine, history-taking of the patient, examination of the CVS in the patient, applied aspects, and pharmacotherapy.MATERIALS AND METHODSA Poster and Model competition was planned on the same topic and the formal announcement was made regarding the same in routine first-MBBS theory class well in advance, 30 days before the competition day. We divided the class into 14 teams with 14-15 students in each team to ensure a sufficient number in each team if any student dropped. Each team was assigned a different sub-topic for poster and model competition ensuring coverage of the entire portion of cardiovascular physiology. The allotment of the sub-topic was done randomly using the student’s roll numbers. Seven faculty voluntarily agreed to guide students through their poster making, 2 teams were allotted to each faculty by a lottery system to reduce the bias.The study approval was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to take the feedback from both the students and the faculty. The questions were to be answered on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 where 1 strongly disagrees to 5 strongly agree.RESULTSOut of 200 students,111 participants gave feedback.The male students were 51.4% (n=57) and the female were 48.6% (n=54). The age of the students ranged from 17 to 22 years with a mean of 19.4 ± 1.36 years. Among the faculty, only one male (14.3%) was present, and the rest 85.7% (n=6) were female lecturers. The mean age of the faculty was 36 ± 9.06 years.The unpaired t-test was applied to all answers and p < 0.05 was taken as significant.Answers was graded as low score(1-2),medium score(3) and high score(4-5).CONCLUSIONThe poster/model competition did inculcate enthusiasm in the students. It allowed the students to change their resisting feeling toward the subject which is gratifying for a teacher. This also allowed the faculty to understand the students better. They can identify adverse students by conducting such activities and refine their teaching methods to get better outcomes. Poster/model competition can be used as a novel, innovative interest-generating teaching-learning tool to encourage students and fortify their learning.
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