This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which 126 female students between the ages of 18 and 30 years were evaluated for the frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through clinical interview, questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. The diagnostic criteria of the US National Institutes of Health criteria were used. Menstrual irregularities (MI) were identified, and clinical hyperandrogenism was evaluated by self-assessment of hirsutism using modified Ferriman–Gallwey score. Blood analysis was done for measurement of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and the androgen hormones. Of all the students, 37 (30.8%) had MI, 38 (31.7%) had clinical hirsutism, 37 (30.8%) had acne, and 76 (63.3%) had a family history of type 2 diabetes. The estimated frequency of PCOS was 18.33% according to the US National Institutes of Health definition. Hormonal analysis demonstrated a significant increase in androgens (total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and free testosterone), and a significant decrease in sex hormone-binding globulin in our PCOS group, with a P-value <0.05. This study revealed a higher level of the androgen hormones among PCOS subjects with a frequency of PCOS (18.33%) similar to the global estimates of 10%–20%.
Background & Objectives: Stein-Leventhal syndrome commonly known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive females. PCOS is a multisystem challenge causing not only gynecological issues such as irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism and infertility but also causing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of our study was to determine the incidence of PCOS among reproductive females at Qatar University using the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Rotterdam consensus (Rott.) and the Androgen Excess Society (AES) criteria to determine the common phenotypes and hormonal parameters found in Qatar. Our aim was also to conduct a community-based study to make up for the lack of work done in female healthcare. Methods: A sample size of 121 females between the ages of 18-25 years were evaluated for symptoms of PCOS using family history of PCOS, body mass index and hormonal analysis. The sample was divided into the following four groups: control (n= 49), irregular menstrual cycles only (n= 13) , hyperandrogenism only (n= 27) and PCOS group (n= 31). Blood was drawn for measurement of TSH, progesterone, insulin, estradiol, SHBG, testosterone, DHEAS and prolactin. Modified Ferriman-Gallwey score was used for the evaluation of hirsutism. Results: The incidence of PCOS was found to be 25.83% (n= 31) using the Rotterdam criteria. Lower values were achieved using AES (20.83%, n= 25) and NIH (19.17%, n =23) definitions. Among our PCOS group, 16.13% (n= 5) were Qataris, 48.39% (n= 15) were Asians, 22.58% (n= 7) were Africans and 12.90% (n= 4) Europeans. Among the clinical features, family history of PCOS (p=0.037), hirsutism (p= 0) and irregular menstrual cycles (p= 0) were found to be significant factors in the PCOS group. Biochemical analysis showed elevated testosterone, elevated DHEAS and decreased SHBG hormones to be significant factors found in the PCOS group. Insulin and prolactin did not show any significant differences between the groups. Four individuals from the PCOS group were aware of their condition while 87% were unaware of their condition. Conclusions: Our study revealed a fairly significant prevalence of PCOS in the region and indicated a lack of awareness among people about their condition. There is need for government initiatives towards adequate investigations, management and treatment of PCOS.
Highly flexible, electrically conductive freestanding graphene membranes hold great promise for vibration-based applications. This study focuses on their integration into mainstream semiconductor manufacturing methods. We designed a two-mask lithography process that creates an array of freestanding graphene-based variable capacitors on 100 mm silicon wafers. The first mask forms long trenches terminated by square wells featuring cone-shaped tips at their centers. The second mask fabricates metal traces from each tip to its contact pad along the trench and a second contact pad opposite the square well. A graphene membrane is then suspended over the square well to form a variable capacitor. The same capacitor structures were also built on 5 mm by 5 mm bare dies containing an integrated circuit underneath. We used atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, and capacitance measurements in time to characterize the samples.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer encountered in women and the second leading cause of death after lung cancer. Thus, BC is a serious health concern for all women. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is a maternally expressed imprinted gene that plays important roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. lncRNA H19 has been well studied playing an important role in BC progress and the expression of H19 may service as a diagnostic target for BC. Polymorphisms in lncRNA H19 have been shown to be associated with the risk of cancer, but the findings are inconsistent. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of lncRNA H19 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs217727 in Egyptian breast cancer females. We determined the genotypic frequency of lncRNA H19 rs217727 in 100 breast cancer patients, 50 women with benign lesion and 50 healthy individuals using PCR and gel electrophoresis.We found significant association between lncRNA H19 rs217727 polymorphism and BC as the T allele was significantly higher in BC patients than benign and control groups.It is indicated in this research that rs217727 is statistically correlated with the Bsusceptibility of BC in Egyptian females.
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