Compost is beneficial for agriculture fields in many ways such as soil conditioner, fertilizer, and natural pesticide and above all it helps to manage organic wastes and adds vital humic acids to soil. Four indigenous composts prepared from readily available organic wastes viz. vermicompost, banana, NADEP, and Calotropis were used in the present investigation for growth and disease suppression in mung beans. The composts were amended with Trichoderma viride in the concentration of 0.1 and 0.2% to determine their influence on length and weight of roots and shoots, disease incidence, soil moisture, and soil microflora in plants. The best results were observed in the treatment with T. viride (0.2%), followed by T. viride (0.1%) in vermicompost, while the treatment T. viride (0.1%) with Calotropis compost showed little growth and suppression of disease. All composts enhanced the soil moisture content and microbial populations in amended soil resulting in the reduction of disease incidence. Among T. viride enriched composts, the counts of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes were higher in the vermicompost and banana compost‐amended soils. Thus, preparing these composts from readily available organic wastes and amending soil with T. viride enriched composts hold a great promise for improving soil fertility and suppressing the soil‐borne plant pathogens for sustainable agriculture.
The efficacy of different extracts of neem leaf on soil borne fungi M. phaseolina and chemical characterization of the neem leaf extracts were studied in vitro on the culture medium. The growth of M. phaseolina was inhibited significantly and controlled with both alcoholic and water extract of all ages and of the concentrations used. The alcoholic extracts of neem leaf was most effective (62.1 and 64.8%) in comparison to aqueous extract (40.0 and 61.1%) for retarding the growth of M. phaseolina. The identification of active component was done by comparing the retention time (R t) and chromatographic peaks of sample of Azadirachta indica leaves with their active component Azadirachtin. The gas chromatography fingerprint profile of the sample of Azadirachta indica leaves showed major peaks at the retention time of 9.82 min whereas, the pure standard of azadirachtin showed major peaks at the retention time 9.74 min.
SUMMARYFungitoxic property of extracts of rhizome of Zingiber officinale against M. phaseolina were tested at different concentrations of 5 per cent, 10 per cent and 20 per cent under in vitro conditions using poisoned food techniques. Extracts of rhizome of Zingiber officinale showed antifungal activity against the pathogen and with an increase in the concentration of extracts, a progressive decrease in mycelial growth was observed. The essential active compound of plant material is the fraction isolated by means of several methods such as TLC, column chromatography and HPLC and is chemically defined as terpenoids namely monoterpene. The identification of active component was done by comparing the retention time (R t ) and chromatographic peaks of sample of Zingiber officinale rhizomes with their respective active component zingiberene and camphene. The HPLC fingerprint profile of the sample of Zingiber officinale rhizomes showed major peaks at the retention time of 5.32 and 2.83 min, respectively, whereas, the pure standard of zingeberene and camphene showed major peaks at the retention time 5.35 min and 2.87 min, respectively.
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