Indonesia has available over 20 million ha of tidal lowlands. In their natural state these are generally waterlogged areas that may be regularly inundated for prolonged periods. Almost 4 million ha of these tidal lowlands have been reclaimed, partly by spontaneous settlers and partly by the government. While the reclaimed areas mainly consist of clay and especially the government schemes have a rational layout, they generally have a good potential for agricultural development, with a rice crop in the wet season and a second rice crop, or a dry food crop, in the dry season.For successful tidal lowland management there is, however, a need for an integrated approach, based on effective water management in combination with adequate farming systems technology and post-harvest activities. In order to investigate and promote such an integrated approach the programme Land and Water Management Tidal Lowlands (LWMTL) was implemented in the period 2004-06 in three pilot areas in the Musi delta, South Sumatra. It turned out that high yields of field dry husked rice (gabah) up to 8 t ha À1 could be obtained. (LWMTL) a été mis en oeuvre sur la période 2004-06 dans trois secteurs pilotes du delta de Musi, Sumatra du sud. On a montré que des rendements élevés de riz ont pu être obtenus: riz non moulu (gabah) jusqu'à 8 t ha À1 , riz blanchi 5 t ha À1 ( padi kering giling). L'article donne une vue d'ensemble du programme ainsi que les résultats principaux.
Abstract:Paddy fields produce ecological services that improve environmental quality in urban areas, one of them was flood control through retaining rainwater and surface runoff within the embankment of paddy field. The ability to retain water is known as the buffering capacity (BC), which is the function of soil moisture, embankment height, water inundation and rice-plant interception during the growing periode. The intermitten system of water inundation applied by farmers resulted in changes of the BC on daily basis. The calculation of BC was divided into five categories for accuracy, which were : (1) BC during the Harvest; (2) BC with inundation at vegetative and generative phase (VGG); (3) BC with inundation during Land Preparation and Planting phase (OTTG); (4) BC without inundation during the vegetative and generative phase (VGTG); and (5) BC without inundation during the land preparation and planting phase (OTTTG). The purpose of this research was to measure potential buffering capacity of paddy field in Lowokwaru Subdistrict and to estimate amount of rainwater and surface runoff which could be accommodated within the buffering capacity. The average of daily BC in seven different villages were 1,650.81-3,961.81 m 3 /ha and the total BC for 241 paddy field was about 823,156.36 m 3 . It was only a small percentage of average daily BC filled by rainwater (14.07-33.31%) and left the rest to be filled by surface runoff water. The paddy field of 241 ha in Lowokwaru Subdistrictis was capable to receive surface runoff from surrounding areas up to 1,698.66 ha.
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