The developed nations around the world pay equal attention to male and female's higher education, however female's higher education in developing countries is most neglected sector, and same is true for Pakistan. Though the total enrollment in HEI's has increased from 0.276 million during 2001-02 to 1.298 million by 2014-15, but still Pakistan's GER in higher education was just 10% during 2015-16. For instance female's enrollment has increased from 36.8% to 47.2% by 2014, but the dream of gender equality in higher education is far away. Therefore, the present study is an effort to investigate the socioeconomic and cultural challenges to female's higher education in Pakistan. To support the argument primary data had obtained through a survey feedback of 601 individuals across the country, and results explain that females are facing wide ranging socioeconomic and cultural challenges during the attainment of higher education.
The developed nations around the world pay equal attention to male and female's higher education, however females' higher education in Pakistan is still most neglected sector. The paper is an effort to investigate the impact of travel Freedom, sexual harassment and family support to female's higher education. Through a survey of 601 individuals across the country, the paper found that females in Pakistan are facing wide ranging socioeconomic and cultural restrictions during the attainment of higher education. The research concluded the dream of gender equality in Pakistan is impossible to achieve in near future. Data and Methodology The paper is based on primary data which was gathered through survey questionnaire. A structured questionnaire was prepared by the author, which cover two main sections. The first section was related to demographic information e.g. province, district, nature of respondents, age, marital status
Pakistan has been facing imminent socio-economic, political and diplomatic challenges since 2001. The on-going war on terror has cost losses of infrastructure in the country amounting to $60 billion. China has employed its own version of soft power ranging from diplomatic support on crucial issues, to foreign aid and investment, cultural exchanges and higher education opportunities for Pakistani youth. Among them, one of the most important projects is the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) with a total investment of $62 billion. Against this backdrop, this study intends to highlight how China is projecting its soft power in Pakistan and to what extent Chinese soft power could heal Pakistan's socio, economic, political and diplomatic disasters. This study reveals that Chinese soft power strategies have left far higher imprints on Pakistan through diplomatic support, investment, and provision of scholarships.
The member states of the United Nations General Assembly in 2005 unanimously adopted the resolution on Responsibility to Protect (R2P) to save citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. Since adoption, the norm has been invoked in Libya, South Sudan, Yemen, and Syria, nonetheless, the UN refrains to respond to the genocide committed in the Jammu & Kashmir and triggering a greater sense of anxiety. In this context, the present paper elucidates the factors behind the UN failure. It asks why the UN failed to call R2P despite systematic crimes against humanity in Kashmir. What factors or forces preclude the UN to invoke R2P? The paper argues that the inability of the UN to invoke R2P is a consequence of systemic and domestic factors. The Indo-US strategic partnership, materialism, and New Delhi’s influence in the international system are obstructing the UN’s ability to play a decisive role. Meanwhile, the economic and military potential of India and its regional influence forbid the international community to dissuade India not to commit genocide in Jammu & Kashmir. So the high politics of materialism and national interests override the norm of human rights and humanity.
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