Objective: The objective of the present study was carried out to explore the potential association between fluoride concentration in drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children. Methods:The study of DF in the children (6-14 years old) was conducted in the two blocks (a) Jamwa Ramgarh block in; Heerawala, Palera, Nayabas, Saipur and Birasana, (b) Amber block in; Jugalpura, Chitanukalan, Sunder ka bas, Peelwa and Sirsali of Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India of the study villages. Totally, 150 children were surveyed. The role of fluoride (F) levels in drinking water in the etiology of DF and the cases of DF in both dentitions and teeth were also assessed using Dean's classification. The fluoride (F) concentration in source of drinking water was estimated by fluoride (F) ion specific electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329, USA). Results:The F concentration in (Tube well and Hand pump) water ranges from 0.7 to 15.0 parts per million (ppm) in Jamwa Ramgarh block and 1.40-5. 10 ppm in Amber block. The prevalence of DF 27 (36%) in Jamwa Ramgar block and 26 (34.66%) in Amber block out of 75 children were examined in each block. Significantly increase in levels of F in drinking water is positively correlated with DF. Conclusion:This study finding has shown the relation of DF to high fluoride (F) levels in drinking water sources. A higher fluoride (F) levels in source of drinking water is a major risk factor for DF. In view of the severity of the problem, the intake of calcium-rich foods and defluoridation techniques may help reducing risk of DF in the children.
Objective: The objective of the present study was carried out to explore the potential association between fluoride (F) concentration in drinking water and severity of skeletal fluorosis (SF) among the children of rural area.Methods: SF survey was conducted among the children (6-14 years) in two blocks such as (a) Jamwa Ramgarh block in Heerawala, Palera, Nayabas, Saipur, and Birasana and (b) Amber block in Sunder Ka Bas, Chitanukalan, Jugalpura, Peelwa, and Sirsali in Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India, of the study villages. A total of 150 (93 male and 57 female) children were surveyed. The role of fluoride (F) concentration in drinking water in the etiology of SF and the cases of SF was assessed using. The United Nations Children’s Fund three clinical test. The fluoride content in the source of drinking water was estimated by fluoride ion-specific electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329, USA).Results: The fluoride concentration in hand pump (Hp) water which ranges from 2.1 to 15 parts per million (ppm) and tube well (Tw) water ranges from 0.7 to 6.2 ppm in Jamwa Ramgarh block and Amber block, Hp water which ranges from 0.8 to 5.1 ppm and Tw water ranges from 0.8 to 4.8 ppm. The prevalence of SF 9 (12%) in Jamwa Ramgarh block and 6 (8%) in Amber block out of 75 children were examined in each block. Significantly increase in fluoride level in drinking water is positively correlated with SF.Conclusion: This study has shown the relation of SF to high fluoride levels in the source of drinking water is a major risk factor for SF among the children. SF is a threat among the children in two blocks of rural area, Jaipur district, Rajasthan.
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the elderly in slums of West Delhi. Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in slums of West Delhi covering a total of 234 elderly aged 60 and above. 5 ml blood was collected from 103 elderly and was analyzed for serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by enzymatic method using fully automatic analyzer (Roche Hitachi-902). Dyslipidemia was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program, ATP-III guidelines. Results:The overall prevalence of high cholesterol (≥200 mg/dl), high triglyceride (≥150 mg/dl), low HDL cholesterol (male -<40 mg/dl; female -<50 mg/dl), and high LDL cholesterol (≥130 mg/dl) was 20.39%, 45.63%, 64.08%, and 17.31%, respectively. Conclusion:Low HDL cholesterol and high triglyceride were the most form of dyslipidemia among the elderly. Awareness on dietary and lifestyle modification for management of dyslipidemia needs to be imparted.
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