Abstract. The optimal design of grid-connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) is studied by using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm in this paper. With the total system cost and fuel emissions to be minimized, a two-objective optimization model of the hybrid system is established. Then, a modi ed preference-inspired co-evolutionary algorithm is, for the rst time, applied to nd the optimal con guration of a grid-connected hybrid system. As an example, a grid-connected hybrid system, including PV panels, wind turbines, and diesel generators, has been designed and good results are obtained which show that the proposed method is e ective.
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