Background This study describes the biodiversity and properties of Bovine leukemia virus in Western Siberia. This paper explores the effect of different genotypes of the env gene of the cattle leukemia virus on hematological parameters of infected animals. The researchers focused on exploring the polymorphism of the env gene and, in doing so, discovered the new genotypes Ia and Ib, which differ from genotype I. Several hypotheses on the origin of the different genotypes in Siberia are discussed. Results We obtained varying length of the restriction fragments for genotypes I. Additionally using restrictase Hae III were received fragments was named genotype Ia, and genotype Ib. There are 2.57 ± 0.55% (20 out of 779) samples of genotype Ib which does not differ significantly from 1% (χ2 = 2.46). Other genotypes were observed in the cattle of Siberia as wild type genotypes (their frequency varied from 17.84 to 32.73%). The maximum viral load was observed in animals with the II and IV viral genotypes (1000–1400 viral particles per 1000 healthy cells), and the minimum viral load was observed animals with genotype Ib (from 700 to 900 viral particles per 1000 healthy cells). Conclusions The probability of the direct introduction of genotype II from South America to Siberia is extremely small and it is more likely that the strain originated independently in an autonomous population with its distribution also occurring independently. A new variety of genotype I (Ib) was found, which can be both a neoplasm and a relict strain.
Abstract. This study shows the improvement of classical methods of studying the growth and development of ornamental plants through the use of modern digital technologies. The purpose of the work is to show students in the direction of 35.03.10 “Landscape architecture” (Decorative plant growing profile) the biological features and decorative qualities of introduced plants in the conditions of the continental climate of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia and to create a digital phenological library. Methods. The construction of the phenospectrum was based on the works of T. I. Fomina and I. N. Beideman. For the design of complete phenospectrum of beautifully flowering plants, it was noted: regrowth, vegetation, budding, flowering, fruit tying, fruit ripening, the end of vegetation. In the abbreviated versions for the digital phenological library, only the periods of vegetation and decorative were noted, the flowering phase was filled with a color corresponding to the color of the variety or species. Calculations for plotting hydrothermal conditions were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 program. Results. Examples of single-band phenospectrum characterizing various phenorhythmotypes are given. The advantage of two-band phenospectrum compiled according to the Method of phenological observations for botanical gardens is shown when characterizing plants that create a flowering and decorative-deciduous effect. According to this Method, the phenology of vegetative aboveground shoots includes the phases: B1 – the beginning of spring regrowth; B2 – the unfolding of leaves, B3 – the end of shoot growth, L1 – the beginning of leaf death, L2 – complete leaf death. Additional phenophases are proposed for a more complete description of the spring and summer decorative-deciduous effect. Additional phenophases are proposed for a more complete description of the spring and summer decorative-deciduous effect. For example, Vant or Vlim is a period when young leaves have a bright anthocyanin or lemon color. Additionally, the period of regrowth of summer leaf generation is shown. In the course of training, on the basis of the compiled templates, the method of combining phenospectrum with diagrams of hydrothermal conditions of growing seasons, including abnormally arid and abnormally humid, is also mastered. Scientific novelty. The possibilities of a digital phenological library are shown, which allow to quickly and reliably simulate the flowering and decorative-deciduous aspects of flower expositions and landscape groups based on complete and abbreviated phenomenon spectra. The materials of the digital phenological library complement the visualization of landscaping projects.
This study is the biodiversity and properties of bovine leukemia virus in Western Siberia. The researchers focused on exploring the polymorphism of the env gene and, in doing so, discovered the new genotypes Ia and Ib, which differ from genotype I. Restrictase Hae III sections the nucleotide sequence of the env gene intofragments with lengths of 316-27-95-5 bp (genotype I), 31-285-27-95-5 bp (genotype Ia), and 31-85-200-27-100 bp (genotype Ib). There are 2.57±0.55% (20 out of 779) samples of genotype Ib which does not differ significantly from 1% (χ2=2.46). Other genotypes were observed in the cattle of Siberia as wild type genotypes (their frequency varied from 17.84 to 32.73 %). This paper explores the effect of the env gene of the cattle leukemia virus on hematological parameters of infected animals. The maximum viral load was observed in animals with the II and IV viral genotypes (1000 – 1400 viral particles per 1000 healthy cells), and the minimum viral load was observed animals with genotype Ib (from 700 to 900 viral particles per 1000 healthy cells). Several hypotheses on the origin of the different genotypes in Siberia are discussed. The probability of the direct introduction of genotype II from South America to Siberia is extremely small and it is more likely that the strain originated independently in an autonomous population with its distribution also occurring independently. A new variety of genotype I (Ib) was found, which can be both a neoplasm and a relict strain.
This paper is the part of a large-scale project concerning studying of bovine leukemia virus biological diversity and of the influence of BLV structural characteristics on virulence and hematolytic blood parameters of infected animals in Western Siberia. This part is devoted to the study of the influence of haplotypes which are determined by mutations in gag gene on several blood parameters and on the number of viral particles per 1000 healthy cells. Emphasis is made on the importance of bioinformatics analysis for processing large data arrays during the multivariant analysis of BLV carriers' parameters. It was established that about ¾ of infected animals were infected with II haplotype virus, whereas the remaining part was infected with BLV of I haplotype. The number of leukocytes, including lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets in the blood of animals infected with II haplotype virus, was generally higher than that of the carriers of I haplotype. Viral load in carriers of II haplotype was 800-1000 viral particles per 1000 healthy cells, whereas the number of viral particles per 1000 healthy cells in the blood of individuals with I haplotype ranged from 600 to 900. It is worth noting that among carriers of I haplotype there were no animals with clinical signs of leukemia, and viral load in healthy animals exceeded that in suspicious individuals. In general, it was shown that gag gene, along with LTR region, is a rather significant factor in maintaining of "viral load-immune response" correlation.
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