Introduction: We studied the levels and severity of anxiety caused by COVID-19 amongst frontline health-care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care neurological hospital in Nepal, not assigned to manage COVID-19 cases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 frontline Health Care Workers (HCWs) using a 10-point subjective assessment tool, the Anxiety Level Index (ALI), and the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Score (SAS), to assess the level of anxiety regarding COVID-19. Results: On ALI 55% of HCWs were found to have marked severe anxiety (6-9), however, on SAS 44% of HCWs reported anxiety. The majority HCWs were female (n=78) with nurses forming 62% of the sample size. The mean age was 26.8 years (SD 8.17). Factors associated with significantly higher levels of anxiety regarding COVID-19 on ALI were age (p=0.002), sex (p=0.001), receiving regular COVID-19 updates via social media (p=0.011) and a high frequency of checking for COVID-19 information authenticity (p=0.039). Work experience (p=0.026) and frequency of checking for information authenticity (p=0.029) were factors found to increase SAS measured anxiety and were found to be associated with significantly higher levels of anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that respondents with work experience of less than or equal to 2 years were 0.380 (95% CI 0.158 to 0.910) times less likely to have anxiety than those with work experience of more than 2 years. Similarly, the odds of having anxiety among those who checked information authenticity less frequently was 0.377 (95% CI 0.153 to 0.931) times less than those who often did. Conclusion: The COVID-19 outbreak has caused a substantial impact on the mental health of frontline HCWs in a hospital not assigned to manage COVID-19 patients. Length of time of worked in healthcare and the frequency of checking for COVID-19-related information were significant predictors of anxiety.

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Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of deaths globally. Currently, there are limited high-quality data on the epidemiology and usefulness of community-based screening and treatment of NCDs in low-tomiddle-income countries (LMIC), like Nepal. We describe the protocol of a community-based, longitudinal epidemiological study of screening and management of NCDs in rural Nepal. Methods: We organize monthly mobile health clinics to screen NCDs among 40-to 75-year-old residents from municipal subdivision wards 3, 4, 6, and 7 of Ghorahi submetropolitan city, Dang, Nepal (approximately 406 km west of the capital, Kathmandu). We estimate a total of 7052 eligible participants. After obtaining informed consent, trained personnel will collect sociodemographic and lifestyle data, medical, medication, and family history using validated questionnaires, plus anthropometric measures and capillary glucose levels. We will screen for hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, tobacco and alcohol use, self-reported physical activity, dietary habits, cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic lung disease, cancer, and chronic kidney disease. We will also check hemoglobin A1C, lipid panel, serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, urine dipstick, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in high-risk participants. We will offer lifestyle counseling,

INTRODUCTION Nursing education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals. The scope of nursing practice reflects all the role and responsibilities undertaken by the nurse to address the full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness. The instructional strategies utilized in both didactic and clinical components of nursing education courses are highly influential in determining critical thinking and clinical decision making ability as well as in developing the psychomotor skill performance of new graduates. Simulation provides nursing students with opportunities to practice their clinical and decision-making skills through various real-life situational experiences. Although endorsed in nursing curricula, its effectiveness is largely unknown.

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain management is an important aspect of patient care and nurses play a significant role in the acute care setting in pain assessment, treatment and management. The study was designed to find out knowledge regarding pain management among nursing students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 nursing students, select­ed by using non-probability enumerative sampling technique. A validated and pre-tested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used and collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with Statistical Package for Social (SPSS) Software Version 20.0. Results: This study revealed that 77.9% of the respondents had knowledge regarding meaning of pain. About21.1%, 34.7% and 70.9% of the respondents had knowledge regarding group of drug used for mild, moderate and severe pain respectively. And about 66.3%, 30.2%, 17.1%, 14.1% and 4.5% of the respondents had knowledge regarding distraction, relaxation, heat and cold applica­tion, imaginary meditation and TENS as non-pharmacological measures used for pain manage­ment respectively. The findings of the study revealed that 47.7% had low knowledgeregarding pain management. Conclusions: Nearly half of the students had low knowledge regarding pain management. It is rec­ommended to nursing colleges to give more emphasis on assessment of pain and its management and increase practical exposure.

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important and underappreciated reproductive health problems in developing countries is the high rate of infertility and childlessness. The inability to have a child is frequently considered a personal tragedy affecting the entire family and even the local community. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The descriptive phenomenological research design was used to explore experiences of women with infertility. Fifteen women with infertility were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through in-depth interview method using unstructured questionnaire and thematic analysis was done. RESULTS: Among 15, 46.66% of the participants had gynecological problems and 53.33% had medical problems such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Thirty-three percentage of participants' spouse had problem of low sperm count and absence of sperm. Most of the participants and their spouses were under treatment. Sixty percentage of the participants had experienced psychosocial problems and 26.66% had experienced physical and sexual problems because of infertility. CONCLUSION:  It is concluded that participants are suffered mainly from psychosocial problems beside that physical and sexual problems. Cent percent of the participants were under treatment and majority of participants said they will try for conception until fertility seized. One third of participants spouse had problem of sperm. It is recommended to concerned authority of hospital to provide couple counseling regarding infertility

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a leading public health problem worldwide. Early detection and management of the risk factors of CKD is helpful for its prevention and reduction of burden caused by it. This study aimed to find out the awareness regarding chronic kidney disease among adults in a hospital of Siddharthanagar Municipality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was used to find out the awareness regarding chronic kidney disease among 165 adults attending Medical out patient department of Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal from July 11 to July 25, 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess the awareness level and its association with different socio-demographic variables. RESULTS: The findings of the study showed that 57.6% of respondents had low level of awareness regarding chronic kidney disease. Respondents have high awareness on risk factors of chronic kidney disease whereas respondents have relatively low awareness on meaning and clinical features of chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSION: On the basis of findings, it is concluded that more than half of the respondents have low awareness level regarding chronic kidney disease so an effort should be made to improve the awareness regarding chronic kidney disease for early identification and management of chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent and severe infection acquired in the intensive care unit, leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation and excess mortality. This study has been conducted to find out the knowledge regarding prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among nurses.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the knowledge regarding prevention of VAP among nurses. Fifty one respondents working in different intensive care areas (ICU, CCU, NICU and PICU) of Universal College of Medical Sciences - Teaching Hospital were selected as the study sample by using census method.  Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16.Results: The findings of the study revealed that 41.2% and 86.2% of the respondents had knowledge regarding meaning and causative agent of VAP respectively. The mean percentage of risk factors of VAP and VAP bundle were 86.2 and 61.3 respectively. About 37% of the respondents had knowledge regarding oral care with chlorhexidine, 86.3% had knowledge that ventilator circuit should be changed for every new patient and 39.2% of the respondents had knowledge that closed suction system prevents VAP. The findings of the study revealed that 49.1% of the respondents had high knowledge and 7.8% had average knowledge. There was no statistically significant association between respondents' level of knowledge regarding prevention of VAP with respondents' working experience (p=O.493) and qualification (p=O.459).Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is concluded that almost half of the respondents have high knowledge regarding prevention of VAP. Besides this, respondents have high knowledge regarding VAP (meaning, causative agent, risk factors, principles and complications) and VAP prevention by positioning, airway humidification and suctioning and low knowledge is found on component of VAP bundle, oral care to reduce   VAP and ideal cuff pressure of endotracheal tube.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 27-31