Due to the intermittent nature of distributed energy resources (DER) utilised in power grids, considerable frequency variations arise when the capacity of the load frequency control (LFC) system is inadequate to correct for electricity generation and consumption imbalances. This issue may significantly increase when the microgrid is operating in isolated mode. Meanwhile, hydrogen-fuel cells are gaining traction as distributed energy storage units, assisting in the transition to a low or zeroemissions while also providing for greater operational flexibility with maintaining frequency stability. Nevertheless, power grids constantly face various uncertainties. To mitigate these uncertainties, this study purposes a new dual-input interval type-2 fuzzy fractional order PI-PD (DIT2-FPI-FPD) cascade controller with recently developed Improved-Salp Swarm Algorithm (I-SSA) for LFC of multi-area microgrids incorporating with various DER. The simulations are performed with real-time sun/wind data and genuine random load changes. Robustness of the proposed controller has been verified by sensitive case studies, which are showing the proposed controller is optimal and highly efficient.
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