Soil biota (the living organisms in soil) plays an important role in soil development and soil formation. They are the most important component of soil organic matter decomposition and behave efficiently in the development and formation of soil structure and soil aggregate. Their biodiversity provides many functional services to soil and soil components. They help in dissolving verities of plant and animal materials, which could left as decayed organic matter at the surface soil. Understanding the vital role of soil organisms would undoubtedly helps to increase food production and reduces poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Soil biota and biodiversity research in sub-Saharan Africa would play an important role in sustaining food security, environmental health, water quality and forest regeneration. This paper, briefly highlighted some of the biological functions of soil biota and suggests that proper understandings of biota and their biodiversity in soil environment would provide ways to get better understanding of soil health, soil function, soil quality and soil fertility under sustainable soil management activities in agricultural production.
Large cities are characterized by concentration of large number of people and centralization of commercial activities around their cores. These and consequently, emission of large amount of carbon dioxide (CO study aims to estimate the average amount of CO Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. The rela average density on the city's roads, estimating CO automobiles and examining the situation against CO Federal Government of Nigeria to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Short period traffic count at various traffic corridors of the city was used to determine automobiles' average density per hour and United States Environmental Protection Agency method was used in estimating CO following emissions in metric tonnes per hour; 15.75 from cars and buses, 6.08 from tricycles and 0.56 from lorries. These give a combined hourly emission of 22.39 tonnes. CO measures identified are expansion of roads and construction of flyovers to decongest traffic. It is recommended that efficient public urban mass transit that involves low carbon emission should be provided and individual car usage should be discouraged
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