The present study is concerned with the production of biodiesel produced from used cooking groundnut oils using alkali trans-esterification reaction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out on the biodiesel produced and the presence of methyl esters and their various functional groups were detected. The Physico-chemical properties of the biodiesels produced were also carried out and most of the properties conformed to ASTM standards. The biodiesel samples were tested in a 165F- Horizontal Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Bayero University Kano (BUK), Kano State, Nigeria, investigating parameters such as: Brake power, Specific fuel consumption and Brake mean effective pressure. The exhaust gas was analysed in an NHA-506EN automotive gas analyzer, from Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State, where parameters such as hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) were all analyzed. The results showed that the oil from frying yam yielded 87.5% while that from frying fish yielded 94% and the biodiesels produced conformed to most of the Physico-chemical properties according to the ASTM standards. Also, the engine results demonstrated that there was improved brake power and mean effective pressure but the specific fuel consumptions were higher than that of the control sample. Lastly, the exhaust gas emissions results showed that there were significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon IV oxide (CO2) and hydrocarbon emissions showing us that biodiesel is more eco-friendly.
This study was undertaken to investigate the biochemicals and biofuel feedstocks in the waste leaves of Acacia auriculiformis. A 50g mass of pulverized dead leaves of the tree were hydrolytically extracted using ZnCl2 and NaOH catalysts at 100oC for 30 minutes. The extracts were filtered with sheet cloth and 4g of each sample was analyzed with GC-MS. The highest fatty acid yield was 235.74 g over ZnCl2 and 222.82 g over NaOH. The highest yields of other prominent chemicals found were 28.17g furan methanol over ZnCl2, 14.18g spathulenol over NaOH, 55.55g Phytol over ZnCl2, 15.94g caryophyllene over NaOH, 15.2g hydroxylamine octyl over ZnCl2, 12.33g stigmasterol over NaOH and 16.85g Methyl a-D-galactopyranoside over NaOH. The biochemicals extracted from the leaves of Acacia auriculiformis are important chemical feedstocks for the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agro-allied, and food industries. Keywords: biochemicals, dead leaves, feedstock, synthesis, Acacia auriculiformis
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