Many investigators believed for many years that Eimeria arloingi occurred in both sheep and goats and was the most common coccidium of these animals (DAVIES et al., 1963;PELLERDY, 1974). LEVINE and IVENCE (1970) reviewed the information on E. arloingi of sheep and goats and concluded that the forms in these two hosts are not the same species and named the form in sheep Eimeria owina and the form in goats Eimeria arloingi. KRYLOV (1961), TSYGANKOVE et al. (1963) and LOTZE et al. (1964 attempted to transmit E. owina from sheep to goats and E. arloingi from goat to sheep, but failed to produce clearcut infection. O n the other hand LOTZE et al. (1964) claimed that the schizonts had developed in the mesenteric lymph nodes of both sheep and goats inoculated with the sporulated oocysts of E. owina. DEIANA and DELITALA (1953) found that the lambs inoculated with the oocysts of E. arloingi discharged oocysts in their faeces. LEVINE et al. (1962), SINGH and PANDE and SAYIN (1965) found schizonts and gamonts in the small intestine of kids and assumed that they belonged to E. arloingi but they were in fact dealing with a mixed infection. GILL and KATIYAR (1961), SHARMA DEORANI (1966) and SAYIN (1965) described an outbreak of enteritis associated with lesions in the * 383 small intestine of naturally infected kids which they considered due to E. arloingi. DEIANA and DELITALA (1953) and PANDE et al. (1967) reported histclogical changes in lesions of the small intestine of naturally infected kids and considered them to be due to E. arloingi. In these cases it is uncertain whether the lesions were caused by E. arloingi or by another coccidium. All these data indicated that the endogenous phase of the life-cycle and the pathogenicity of E. arloingi are uncertain. This study was therefore undertaken to provide more evidence upon the life-cycle and pathogenicity of E. arloingi and its relationship with E. ovina. Material and MethodsA total of 42 parasite-free animals, 28 Angora kids and 14 Merino lambs, 1 week or less in age, were obtained during the spring of 1976 and 1977. They were kept in individual pens throughout the experiment. Each pen had a concrete floor, covered with straw which was replaced twice weekly. The animals were fed cow's milk and had daily access to dry alfalfa, mixed grain and water. When the animals were 6 weeks old they were inoculated. 212-216.
Vulvar myiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of genital lesions. The diagnosis can be easily established based on microscopic features of the maggots, especially those relating to stigma structures.
An epidemiological survey for Theileria annulata infection was conducted in 12 selected villages around Ankara in Central Anatolia, Turkey, during the period April 1990 to January 1993. During the survey, 198 cattle of 30 local breeds, 84 Holstein-Friesian x local breeds and 84 Holstein-Friesian breed were examined for antibodies to T. annulata and the presence of the vector ticks. Four species of Hyalomma ticks were identified: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma anatolicum excavtum, Hyalomma detritum and Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Salivary gland staining indicated that infected adult ticks of all four species were present and, therefore, were implicated in the transmission of tropical theileriosis in the field. Generally, the Hyalomma infestation rate was low, with the heaviest infestations occurring on the older animals. Young adults and calves had very low infestation rates. Most ticks seen on cattle were adults, very few nymphs were found. The blood smear and serological examination of the 198 cattle conducted in March, before the start of the first disease season, showed that the prevalence of piroplasmosis was 11.1% (22 out of 198) and the seroprevalence of T. annulata was 10.6% (21 out of 198). Forty-three animals were then excluded from the study because they were seropositive and/or harboured piroplasms. Ninety-two seronegative animals showed piroplasmosis (92 out of 155) and 34 seronegative animals became seropositive for T. annulata (34 out of 155) during the three disease seasons. One animal became clinically ill with tropical theileriosis and required treatment. The incidence of cattle showing piroplasmosis and disease in the total study sample was 50.7% and 0.5% per disease season, respectively. The seroconversion rate of new infection with T. annulata in the total study was 14.3% per animal season. The number of cattle showing piroplasmosis was much greater than the number of seropositive cattle, which may indicate the presence of another species of Theileria. The two different management systems encountered in the study were considered to have influenced the tick infestation levels.
A survey of 96 herbivorous mole-rats, Spalax leucodon Nordmann, in Lalahan district of Ankara, Turkey, revealed the presence of 6 new species of coccidia. The species found, the shape and average length-width dimensions (in micrometers) of their oocysts, and the numbers of animals from which they were isolated were as follow: Eimeria lalahanensis sp. n., subspherical to ellipsoidal (20.3 X 12.5), from 10; Eimeria tuzdili sp. n., spherical to subspherical with radially striated oocyst wall, (20.5 X 16.5), from 3; Eimeria spalacis sp. n., ellipsoidal to cylindrical (16.3 X 9.8), from 90; Eimeria elliptica sp. n., ellipsoidal (14.3 X 10.1), from 8; Eimeria turkmenica sp. n., ellipsoidal (11.3 X 8.9), from 1; Isospora anatolicum sp. n., spherical (7.6 X 5.1), from 1 animal. The overall infection rate for 96 examined herbivorous mole-rats was 100%.
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