Background: In Indonesia, diarrhea is an endemic disease and often leads fatal and an outbreak potential. Diarrhea can occur for several days and often can be cured without any medication. Commonly, to treat diarrhea atthe first time is by doing self-medication. Basic health survey data in 2013 showed that 15.7% of Indonesian people kept and used traditional medicines (TM). Objective: This study was conducted to find out the characteristic of Indonesian people do for diarrhea self-medication. Method: We analyzes household data cross-sectionally from the 2013 basic health survey in 33 provinces and 497 cities in Indonesian. Data analysis included household characteristics, economic status, education, information of getting and keeping the TM, and status of the TM kept in households. Result: The result showed 89% of households store traditional medicines. Traditional diarrhea medicines were stored by 66.54% households in the urban, and were mostly obtained from traditional medicine store, stored for supply 55.86%, and used only if needed 50.65%. Conclusion: The study concluded that mostly people preferred to keep and use traditional Indonesian medicine produced by the TM national industry rather than others. Duration of use for self-medication in most of the households is thought to be appropriate.Keywords: Traditional medicine, diarrhea, self-medication.
Abstract The proportion of stunting in children under 5 years old in Indonesia was approximately 30,8% in 2018. One of the things that is presumably related to the occurrence of stunting is lack of nutrition that can be attributed to exclusive breastfeeding. Fenugreek seeds have properties as laktogoga and moringa leaves in addition to having efficacy as lactagoga, also have advantage in nutritional content, particularly high protein content, groups of minerals and vitamins. The aim of the study was to assess the potential of the formula fenugreek seed extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) and moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) as a supplement to release milk while at the same having nutrient content. Methods using the test weighting method in pregnant female rats by measuring the volume of milk taken by baby rats. Test were carried out on five groups of mother rats namely groups than were given : fenugreek and moringa extract (1: 1) with different doses I, II and III; comparison group (moloco) and control group (distilled water). Each mother fed five rats, provision of extract was carried out starting the first day after the mother gave birth, and measurement were take on 6th, 11th, 16th to 21st day The volume of milk consumed by five rats was counted as difference of body weight after and before breastfeeding. Moringa nutritional assessment is carried out using standard methods on, iron, calcium and potassium content; vitamin A and vitamin C content and protein level. Fenugreek-moringa extract (1: 1) dose of 30 mg/200g bb, can increase the volume of breast milk of female rat larger than the untreated group (p≤0.05). The cumulative weight gain of rat infants was greater than the control group (p≤0.05), according to the nutrients obtained from the fenugreek-moringa extract. Moringa leaves as a component of extract, have high nutritional value of minerals, vitamins and proteins and have advantages as lactogogum. Conclusion: The administration of moringa leaf and fenugreek seed extract (1: 1) dose of 30 mg / 200 g bb in breastfeeding female rats has a 2.4 times greater potential in increasing milk expenditure compared to breastfeeding female rats who did not get the same extract. Fenugreek-moringa extract has superior potential as laktagogum and at the same time a high nutritional supplement. Abstrak Proporsi kejadian stunting pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun (balita) di Indonesia tercatat sekitar 30,8% pada tahun 2018. Salah satu hal yang diduga berkaitan dengan terjadinya stunting adalah gizi kurang yang dapat dikaitkan dengan pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif. Biji klabet memiliki khasiat sebagai laktagoga dan daun kelor selain mempunyai khasiat sebagai laktagoga, juga mempunyai keunggulan pada kandungan gizinya, terutama kandungan protein yang tinggi, golongan mineral dan vitamin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai potensi formula ekstrak biji klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) dan daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) sebagai suplemen pelancar pengeluaran air susu sekaligus memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi. Metode menggunakan test weighting method pada tikus betina hamil, dengan cara mengukur volume air susu yang diminum oleh bayi tikus. Dilakukan uji pada lima kelompok induk tikus yaitu: kelompok yang diberi ekstrak klabet dan kelor (1:1) dengan dosis I, II dan III yang berbeda; kelompok pembanding (moloco) dan kelompok kontrol (akuades). Tiap induk tikus menyusui lima ekor anak tikus. Pemberian bahan uji dilakukan mulai hari pertama setelah induk tikus melahirkan, dan pengukuran dilakukan pada hari ke-6, 11, 16 sampai 21. Volume air susu yang diminum lima ekor anak tikus dihitung sebagai selisih berat badan sesudah dan sebelum disusui induknya. Penilaian gizi kelor dilakukan menggunakan metoda standar, terhadap kandungan mineral besi, kalsium dan kalium; kandungan vitamin A dan vitamin C, serta kadar protein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak klabet-kelor (1:1) dosis 30 mg/200g bb, dapat memperbanyak pengeluaran volume air susu induk tikus lebih besar dari kelompok yang tidak diberi perlakuan (p≤0,05). Pertambahan berat kumulatif bayi tikus, lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p≤0,05), sesuai dengan gizi yang didapat dari ekstrak klabet-kelor. Daun kelor sebagai komponen ekstrak, mempunyai nilai gizi mineral, vitamin, dan protein yang tinggi serta memiliki keunggulan sebagai laktogogum. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pemberian ekstrak biji klabet-daun kelor (1:1) dosis 30 mg/200g bb pada tikus betina menyusui mempunyai potensi 2,4 kali lebih besar dalam meningkatkan pengeluaran air susu dibandingkan kelompok tikus betina menyusui yang tidak mendapatkan ekstrak yang sama. Ekstrak biji klabet-kelor mempunyai potensi unggul sebagai laktagogum dan sekaligus suplemen dengan gizi tinggi.
Abstrak Nikotin merupakan senyawa utama yang terdapat dalam tembakau, dimana nikotin termasuk salah satu zat berbahaya yang ada dalam rokok. Nikotin diabsorpsi dengan cepat dari paru-paru ke dalam darah. Bahaya dari nikotin yang terberat antara lain dapat merangsang pembentukan kanker. Selain itu nikotin mempunyai aktifitas yang menguntungkan yaitu sebagai antimikroba. Adanya himbauan dari Kementerian Pertanian dalam buku Pestisida Nabati, diharapkan pada suatu saat nanti Indonesia mampu berswasembada pestisida (Pesticides Self Sufficiency) sehingga tidak bergantung lagi kepada negara-negara besar penghasil pestisida kimia sintetis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengujian pendahuluan secara eksperimen laboratorium yang dilakukan tahun 2016 untuk menentukan kadar nikotin secara GC MS dan karakteristik ekstrak yang nantinya sebagai acuan untuk menentukan mutu ekstrak daun tembakau. Karakteristik ekstrak yang diuji adalah kadar air, berat jenis, cemaran mikroba yaitu angka kapang khamir (AKK), angka lempeng total (ALT) dan most probable number (MPN) Coliform. Hasil pengujian ekstrak daun tembakau diperoleh kadar nikotin: 3,14%, kadar air: 42,41%, berat jenis (BJ): 1,19 g/ml, AKK: 9,0x101, ALT: 8,0x101 dan MPN Coliform: < 2. Ekstrak daun tembakau yang diuji memenuhi persyaratan cemaran mikroba terhadap AKK, ALT, dan MPN Coliform Kata kunci: nikotin, karakteristik, ekstrak, daun tembakau Abstract Nicotine is the main compound in tobacco, where it is one of dangerous substances in cigarettes. It is absorbed fast from lungs to blood. Another danger of nicotine is it can stimulate the forming of cancer cells. However, nicotine has beneficial activity by acting as an antimicrobial. An urge from Ministry of Agriculture in Pestisida Nabati book, expects that Indonesia can be self-supporting in producing pesticide so Indonesia can no longer dependent with big countries that produce synthetic chemical pesticides. Therefore, a preliminary experimental laboratory testing conducted in 2016 to determine nicotine content by GC MS and extract characteristics which later as a reference to determine the quality extract. Characteristics of extract test are water content, specific gravity, microbial contamination, yeast figures, total plate number and MPN Coliform. From the tobacco leaf extract testing, nicotine content obtained was: 3.14%, moisture content: 42.41%, specific gravity: 1.19 g/ml, total mold and yeast count: 9.0x101, total plate count: 8.0x101 and MPN Coliform: <2. Tobacco leaf extract meets the requirements for microbial contamination of yeast figures, total plate number, and MPN Coliform. Keywords: nicotine, characteristics, extract, tobacco leaf
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.